FRESHERS JOBSTuesday, November 24, 2009
Thursday, November 5, 2009
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
డ్రీమ్ జాబ్ ఫార్ములా
How To Land Your Dream Job
In A Tough Economy
The New Rules of The Game In
The Toughest Job Market In Decades
By Carole Martin
The Playing Field Has Changed
Do You Have What It Takes To Come Out
On Top In This Recession?
As you’re reading this today 1,000’s of people across the country and around the world
are losing their jobs. This isn’t anything new. And in the past it wouldn’t have been
something to be concerned about. That’s because in a flourishing economy, even
though people are constantly being fired, laid off, or quitting there are a steady supply
of new jobs to be had.
But unfortunately, the economy is not flourishing. In fact, as you probably already know,
it’s in the worse shape it’s been in for decades. And this means that when these 1,000’s
of newly unemployed workers wake up tomorrow, there will not be enough new jobs to
support them all.
If you’re already hunting for a new job (which is probably why you’re reading this report),
it means you’re looking at tougher competition, fewer prospects for jobs that offer your
dream pay and fulfillment, and a longer, harder road to getting back on your feet and
getting your career back on track.
To make matters worse, economists predict the unemployment rate is only going to be
soaring higher and higher in the coming months. With the general consensus predicting
a peak unemployment rate of 8-10%. That means tens or even hundreds of thousands
more job seekers that you’re going to be competing with over the next few months on
top of the people in the market already.
Ready for some good news?
Despite all the doom and gloom about the job market (on top of the general frustration,
depression, and anxiety of finding a new job regardless of the economy), landing a job
doesn’t have to be a never-ending nightmare.
You might not believe it with all the “wonderful” news you hear on TV and the internet,
but people are getting jobs in virtually every industry each and every day. People are
even finding their dream jobs – you know, the job that’s more than just a job.
Something you look forward to doing each day that pays well and advances your career
in the direction you want to go.
The dream jobs are out there. The opportunities are plentiful. But only the savvy few
who learn how to stand out from the ever-growing crowd, and tackle the job-hunt with a
new outlook and approach will succeed.
And that’s why I’ve written this report.
You see, for 18 years I sat on the other side of the interview desk – interviewing literally
1,000’s of job seekers. I’ve seen every mistake in the book made countless times in
industries ranging from biotechnology, software engineering, high tech, publishing,
consulting, sales, aerospace, non-profit, and outplacement – in Fortune 500's, as well
as start ups and everything in-between.
I’ve since retired from my career in Human Resources and now use my experience to
give job seekers like you an inside edge – a crystal clear understanding of what the
people doing the hiring are really looking for, and how you can present it to them in a
confident, sincere way.
For the past eight years I’ve been the interview expert for Monster.com, reaching out to
millions of job seekers and shedding light on the practical tools and approaches anyone
can use to make themselves the top choice by dream companies and organizations.
In this report, I’m going to walk you through some of the most important things you can
do to stand out in an overcrowded, scarce job market like the one we’re facing today.
You’re going to discover some simple tips that you can start using in your job hunt right
now to seal the deal on your dream job faster, easier, and without all the stress and
uncertainty (once you know how the “other side” sees things, you’ll be much more
confident and ready to get the job you want and deserve).
So let’s get started!
The Key Elements to Landing a Job In a
Tough Economy that Most People Overlook
We’re Not In Kansas Anymore…
It’s Time to Start Thinking Differently
The difference between today’s job market and those in the past is simple: there are
more people competing for fewer job openings (more competition and fewer jobs than
we’ve seen in decades).
This means the same old approach you may have used to land jobs in the past probably
won’t work – at least not nearly as well as it used to. Especially if you want more than
just a job “to get by” with, and are aiming for something that will really fuel your passions
and your bank account.
The most important element to landing a dream job in a tough economy is actually the
opposite of what people tend to focus the majority of their time and energy on.
Most job seekers focus on sending out resumes, submitting applications, and trying to
get an interview. And while these are essential steps to finding a job, they shouldn’t be
your top priority. If you send out enough resumes you’re going to get an interview. It’s
how prepared you are to effectively communicate what you have to offer in that
interview process that will set you apart from everyone else.
The interview is even more important in a scarce job market because you’ll need to
make the interviews that you get really count. And unlike in the past, companies who
are hiring are going to have many qualified applicants to choose from. The one who can
go the extra mile and speak to exactly what the company is looking for will be the one
that wins the job offer.
So, instead of spending all your attention and energy on getting an interview –
remember to dedicate a good amount of time each day getting prepared for the day
when you do have an interview. Then, when that day comes you’ll walk away with a job
offer instead of getting thrown back into the hunt for weeks or even months longer.
Let’s take a look at some of the common mistakes most people make in interviews, and
go over some easy to follow tips for making yourself stand out in the interviewers mind...
Don’t Get Caught Making
These Job Killing Interview Bloopers
I'm sure you've sat through movie or TV "bloopers" at the end of shows and laughed at
the mistakes the actors make during the filming of the show. If I could put together a film
with bloopers that people make in interviews it might seem funny as well – but not when
it happens in real life - to you!
How do you avoid bloopers? First you become aware of what some of the pitfalls of
interviewing are and then you prepare and practice so that it won't happen to you. Here
are 10 of those pitfalls to watch for...
1. Poor non-verbal communication (slouching, fidgeting, lack of eye contact)
It's about demonstrating confidence - standing straight, making eye contact, and
connecting with a good, firm handshake. That first impression can be a great beginning,
or a quick ending to your interview.
2. Not dressing for the job or company, "over casual"
Today's casual dress codes in the office, do not give you permission to dress as "they"
do when you interview. It is important to look professional and well groomed, above all.
Whether you wear a suit or something less formal depends on the company culture and
the position you are seeking. If possible, call and find out what the company dress code
is before the interview.
3. Not listening and only worrying about what you are going to say
From the very beginning of the interview, your interviewer is giving you information,
either directly or indirectly. If you are not listening – turning up your intuitive – you are
missing a major opportunity. Good communication skills include listening and letting the
person know you heard what they said. Observe your interviewer and match that style
and pace.
4. Talking too much, telling it all even if it's not relevant
Telling the interviewer more than they need to know could be a fatal mistake. When you
have not prepared ahead of time you may tend to ramble, sometimes talking yourself
right out of the job. Prepare for the interview by reading through the job posting;
matching your skills with the requirements of the position, and relating only that
information.
5. Being over-familiar (your new best friend is NOT the interviewer)
The interview is a professional meeting to talk business. This is not about making a new
friend. The level of familiarity should mimic the demeanor of the interviewer. It is
important to bring energy and enthusiasm to the interview, and to ask questions, but not
to over-step your place as a candidate looking for a job.
6. Using inappropriate language (you "guys" know what I mean)
It's a given that you should use professional language during the interview. Be aware of
any inappropriate slang words or references to age, race, religion, politics, or sexual
preferences – these topics could get the door slammed very quickly.
7. Acting cocky, being overconfident, having a "king of the hill" attitude
Attitude plays a key role in your interview success. There is a fine balance between
confidence, professionalism, and modesty. Even if you're putting on a performance to
demonstrate your ability, over-doing is as bad, if not worse, as being too reserved.
8. Not answering the question asked, "jumping in without thinking"
When an interviewer asks for an "example of a time," you did something, he is seeking
a sample of your past behavior. If you fail to relate a "specific" example, you not only
don't answer the question, but you miss an opportunity to prove your ability and tell
about your skills.
9. Not asking questions (a missed opportunity you will live to regret)
When asked if they have any questions, the majority of candidates answer, "No." Wrong
answer! It is extremely important to ask questions. It demonstrates an interest in what
goes on in the company. It also gives you the opportunity to find out if this is the right
place for you. The best questions come from listening to what is asked during the
interview, and asking for additional information.
10. Appearing desperate – "Please, please hire me!"
It's a tough job market, and you need a job! But, when you interview with the "Please,
please, hire me," approach you appear desperate and less confident. Maintain the three
"C's" during the interview: Cool, Calm, and Confident! You know you can do the job, –
now, make sure the interviewer believes you can, too.
Stop Playing Mind Games and Start Preparing to
Advance Your Career, Income, and Lifestyle
Let’s not sugar coat things. Being out of work and on the job hunt isn’t anyone’s favorite
position to be in. It can be an emotional roller coaster of hopes, disappointments,
frustrations, and overwhelming confusion and anxiety.
Questions run through your mind each day like, “When will I have a pay check coming
in again? How long will my savings hold out? How will I pay the rent/mortgage/bills?”
It’s in this position of perceived uncertainty and weakness that you mistakenly start
seeing yourself as powerless and trapped, a mere pawn in the almighty economy’s
unpredictable plans.
The best thing you can do when these doubts start to arise is stop, take a deep breath,
and open your mind to the overlooked ways of taking control and empowering yourself
in these tough circumstances.
Learning how to effectively sell your skills, knowledge, and experience is the most
powerful way to take control of your circumstances and find a good job quickly. Instead
of feeling hopeless, take charge and spend your time improving your ability to
communicate your value to companies that are hiring.
It’s not rocket science. And once you understand what interviewers are really thinking,
you’ll be able to confidently walk into your next interview and walk out with a job offer
beyond your expectations!
Here’s a quick two-minute drill you can practice and use before your next interview to
make sure every base is covered for giving a fantastic first impression…
The Two Minute Pre-Interview Drill
Will You Pass The Test?
Studies have shown that most people form an opinion about another's ability or
competence within the first two minutes, and as much as 93% of a person's
communication effectiveness is determined by style - how someone comes across. In
today's tight job market making a good impression is not only desirable, it’s essential.
A look at a worst and a best-case scenario illustrates the point…
Worst Case
Jack is nervous about his interview as he sits in the lobby.
Anyone watching can see the signs - his foot is tapping rapidly, he is muttering to
himself (obviously rehearsing his lines). He is slouched down in his chair.
When he spots the interviewer coming down the hall he begins to wipe his sweaty hand
on his pant leg. He stands, but as he does the magazine on his lap falls to the floor.
When he bends to pick it up, he knocks over his portfolio and papers fall out.
The interviewer stands to the side observing his behavior. She is thinking to herself,
"This guy is a basket case. He doesn't look like the kind of person we want representing
our product line."
When Jack does pull himself together, he holds out his hand, but his handshake is
weak. This interview is already headed in the wrong direction.
Best Case
Joann feels prepared and confident as she waits in the lobby for her interviewer. She
knows she looks good, and, as a result, she feels good. She has practiced and
prepared, and knows she can do this job. She will concentrate on selling herself as the
solution to the employer's problems.
As her interviewer approaches she stands and smiles looking directly in his direction.
She notices the color of his eyes as she extends her hand. She gives a firm shake and
smiles.
"This is a very confident woman. Someone who shows real promise," is the thought
going through the interviewer's mind. The first impression has been made - and it is a
positive one.
The Drill
It is important that your interview get off to a good start. The following seven steps or
"two-minute drill" will guide you toward a best-case interview scenario.
1. Appearance counts. When you look good, you feel good. Make sure you look
groomed and neat. If you were a book, would someone be attracted by your cover and
want to pursue you further?
2. Your clothes and accessories should be conservative and neutral, rather than wild
and loud. Your clothes are your packaging and should not take attention away from the
product.
3. Non-Verbal Communication sometimes conveys a stronger message than verbal
communication. When you slouch, whether you're sitting or standing, you are saying
volumes about you and your confidence level. Sit up straight (like your mother always
told you to). When you stand make yourself as tall as possible - shoulders back and
head held high. Picture a successful screen star or TV announcer - and mimic their
carriage.
4. Eye contact and smiles can indicate a confident and upbeat attitude. You will notice
that many job postings ask for "enthusiasm and energy." This is a good opportunity to
demonstrate your social and interpersonal skills, as well as your excitement about the
opportunity you are interviewing for.
5. The handshake sends a strong tactile message. Whether your hands are hot and
sweaty or cold and clammy, you can try some tricks to control the temperature. To cool
your hands try running cold water on the insides of your wrists. Use hot water if your
hands are cool. If you have particularly sweaty hands try using a deodorant gel
(antiperspirant) as a lotion. Your hands will feel soft and smell good.
6. Your voice and the volume of your speech convey a strong impression. Whether it
is a phone interview or a face-to-face interview, it is important that you speak with
enthusiasm and energy. Use a firm voice to demonstrate your confidence. If you speak
in a whisper the impact will be weak and ineffective.
7. Your vocabulary reveals your communication skills and ability to interface with
people - especially people you've not met before. The words you choose will indicate
your education and training, as well as your knowledge of the industry you are applying
for. It is important to use "their" words and talk "their" talk.
Practice your first impression with someone you trust to give you objective feedback.
Use a checklist to remind yourself how to handle this first encounter. You are there to
make a sale - an important sale - and the product you are selling is YOU. When you get
off on the right foot the interview will flow easily. This is one impression you cannot
leave to chance.
Getting Ready For The Tough Questions
How To Read Between The Lines and Dodge The Traps
Most Job Seekers Fall Into Every Time
Now that you’ve got some good general tips on the right mindset to have going into your
next interview, it’s time to dig into the meat of every interview: the tough questions
interviewers ask to get an x-ray view of whether or not they want to hire you.
Behind every interview question there is a concern or another question. Your job is to
process the question thinking about what the interviewer's concern might be. In other
words, why is the interviewer asking you this question?
Developing this ability to “read between the lines” will allow you to craft answers that
speak to what the interviewer is really looking for, without being insincere or dishonest.
In the end, the candidate who can translate his skills and abilities into a meaningful,
enticing message that connects with the company’s goals will win the position – and the
leverage to negotiate the salary and perks you’ve been hoping for.
Simply being highly qualified is not enough. You have to show what these qualifications
will mean to the company, in a way that makes sense to your interviewer.
To help you better understand what’s really going on in an interviewer’s mind, I’ve put
together some common questions and an explanation of what they really mean on the
next page…
A Peek Inside The Mind Of Some Of The Toughest Interviewers
10 Common Job Interview Questions
That Can Make Or Break You
What They Really Mean And
Some Examples Of Good Answers
Below are 10 common interview questions you’re likely to run into on your hunt for a job.
After each question, I explain the key concern behind the question that you should be
aware of. Then, I give an example of a good answer that you can use to model your
own answer after.
Q #1 - How long have you been looking for a job? (Concern – is there something wrong
with you that other employers have picked up?)
A #1 - "After I was laid off from my last job, I took the opportunity to take some time out
to examine my career goals and where I was going with my life. I have just begun my
search in the last few weeks. I have a definite goal in mind and have been selective
about the positions I consider. Your company and this position are of great interest to
me."
Q #2 - How did you prepare for this interview? (Concern – are you interested enough to
do some research, or are you going to "wing it"?)
A #2 - "When I found this position posted on the internet (monster.com) I was
immediately interested. I checked out the company website and mission statement,
looked at the bios of company founders and executives, and was impressed. Once I
had the interview appointment, I talked with friends and acquaintances in the industry.
And, I'm sure I'll find out a lot more in today's meetings."
Q #3 - What is your salary expectation for this job? (Concern – Can we afford you? Can
we get you for less than budgeted?)
A #3 - "I'll need more information about the job and the responsibilities involved before
we can begin to discuss salary. Can you give me an idea of the range budgeted for this
position?"
Q #4 - How do you keep current and informed about your job and the industries that you
have worked in? (Concern – Once you get the job do you continue to learn and grow –
stay challenged and motivated?)
A #4 - "I pride myself on my ability to stay on top of what is happening in my industry. I
do a lot of reading – the business section of the newspapers and magazines. I belong to
a couple of professional organizations and network with colleagues at the meetings. I
take classes and seminars whenever they are of interest, or offer new information or
technology."
Q #5 - Tell me about a time when you had to plan and coordinate a project from start to
finish. (Concern – behavioral questions – seeking an example of specific past behavior)
A #5 - " I headed up a project which involved customer service personnel and
technicians. I organized a meeting to get everyone together to brainstorm and get his or
her input. From this meeting I drew up a plan, taking the best of the ideas. I organized
teams, balancing the mixture of technical and non-technical people. We had a deadline
to meet, so I did periodic checks with the teams. After three weeks, we were exceeding
expectations, and were able to begin implementation of the plan. It was a great team
effort, and a big success. I was commended by management for my leadership, but I
was most proud of the team spirit and cooperation which it took to pull it off."
Q #6 - What kinds of people do you have difficulties working with? (Concern – ability to
be flexible and work in a diverse environment?)
A #6 - "In my last three jobs I have worked with men and women from very diverse
backgrounds and cultures. The only time I had difficulty was with people who were
dishonest about work issues. I worked with one woman who was taking credit for work
that her team accomplished. I had an opportunity to talk with her one day and explained
how she was affecting the morale. She became very upset that others saw her that way,
and said she was unaware of her behavior or the reactions of others. Her behavior
changed after our talk. What I learned from that experience is that sometimes what we
perceive about others is not always the case if we check it out."
Q #7 - We expect managers to work more than 8 hours a day. Do you have a problem
with that? (Concern – are you a workaholic or a person who requires balance?)
A #7 - "I have no problem working long hours. I have worked 12 or 14 hour days. What I
have found works for me is to work smarter, not necessarily longer. My goal is to get the
job done, whatever that takes, in the most efficient manner."
Q #8 - When have you been most satisfied in your career? (Concern – what motivates
you? Or de-motivates you?)
A #8 - "The job before the one I am currently at, was my most rewarding experience for
me. I worked in a wonderful team environment. There was a lot of camaraderie. I
worked with a team of four people and we did some really original thinking. It is that kind
of environment I want to be involved in again."
Q #9 - Why do you want this job? (Concern – are you using the shot-gun approach to
job search or do you really know what you want?)
A #9 - "I've been very careful about the companies where I have applied. When I saw
the ad for this position, I knew I found what I was looking for. What I can bring to this job
is my seven years of experience, and knowledge of the industry, plus my ability to
communicate and build customer relationships. That, along with my flexibility and
organizational skills, makes me a perfect match for this position. I see some challenges
ahead of me here, and that's what I thrive on. I have what you need, and you have what
I want."
Q #10 - We are ready to make an offer. Are you ready to accept today? (Concern – we
don't want you to go away and think about it and change your mind – we want you.)
A #10 - "Based on my research and the information I have gathered during the interview
process, I feel I am in a position to consider an offer. I do, however, have a personal
policy that I give myself at least 24 hours to make major life decisions. I could let you
know by tomorrow."
There is no way you can accurately predict the questions that will be asked in an
interview, but you can be ready and prepared by thinking about the factors that might
concern an interviewer or employer before the interview.
Will You Be One of the 1,000’s of People Starting
Exciting, Top Paying Jobs This Month?
Or Will You Still Be Struggling To
Track Down Whatever Work You Can Find?
You have a choice to make.
You can blame your poor results on the economy, push through months of frustrating
job hunting, and end up in a job you don’t like earning a salary you’re less than thrilled
about.
Or, you can hone your interviewing skills every day. Uncover the tools and strategies
that will set you apart in this crowded market. And land a job that will excel your career
and your lifestyle in much less time, with much less stress and anxiety.
It’s entirely up to you.
But the choice you make is dramatically going to change where you’ll be in the next few
months, and probably in the next few years as well.
I hope you’ve found the tips in this report useful. These ideas are proven to work. I’ve
helped 1,000’s of people get the jobs they’ve been dreaming of. From FBI agents, law
enforcement, fire, police and other public agencies, public defenders, project managers,
public relations professionals, sales people, accounting and finance people at all levels,
high-tech IT experts, teachers, pre-med students and grads, health care professionals,
and even beauty queens.
And I’m confident these strategies will work for you, too.
For a complete, step-by-step guide on everything you need to do to ace your next
interview visit my web site now at: http://www.instantinterviewcoach.com
Inside, I walk you through my proven interview training process that will put you miles
ahead of your competitors. In just a few hours, you’ll understand everything you need to
know about making even the most hard-nosed interviewer eager to hire you on at a top
paying salary.
Don’t put your security, happiness, and lifestyle at risk by “winging it” – get the inside
knowledge you need to succeed, and land your dream job fast!
Visit http://www.instantinterviewcoach.com now for more free tips that will give
you the upper hand in our increasingly competitive job market and economy.
Copyright © 2009 Carole Martin, The Interview Coach
In A Tough Economy
The New Rules of The Game In
The Toughest Job Market In Decades
By Carole Martin
The Playing Field Has Changed
Do You Have What It Takes To Come Out
On Top In This Recession?
As you’re reading this today 1,000’s of people across the country and around the world
are losing their jobs. This isn’t anything new. And in the past it wouldn’t have been
something to be concerned about. That’s because in a flourishing economy, even
though people are constantly being fired, laid off, or quitting there are a steady supply
of new jobs to be had.
But unfortunately, the economy is not flourishing. In fact, as you probably already know,
it’s in the worse shape it’s been in for decades. And this means that when these 1,000’s
of newly unemployed workers wake up tomorrow, there will not be enough new jobs to
support them all.
If you’re already hunting for a new job (which is probably why you’re reading this report),
it means you’re looking at tougher competition, fewer prospects for jobs that offer your
dream pay and fulfillment, and a longer, harder road to getting back on your feet and
getting your career back on track.
To make matters worse, economists predict the unemployment rate is only going to be
soaring higher and higher in the coming months. With the general consensus predicting
a peak unemployment rate of 8-10%. That means tens or even hundreds of thousands
more job seekers that you’re going to be competing with over the next few months on
top of the people in the market already.
Ready for some good news?
Despite all the doom and gloom about the job market (on top of the general frustration,
depression, and anxiety of finding a new job regardless of the economy), landing a job
doesn’t have to be a never-ending nightmare.
You might not believe it with all the “wonderful” news you hear on TV and the internet,
but people are getting jobs in virtually every industry each and every day. People are
even finding their dream jobs – you know, the job that’s more than just a job.
Something you look forward to doing each day that pays well and advances your career
in the direction you want to go.
The dream jobs are out there. The opportunities are plentiful. But only the savvy few
who learn how to stand out from the ever-growing crowd, and tackle the job-hunt with a
new outlook and approach will succeed.
And that’s why I’ve written this report.
You see, for 18 years I sat on the other side of the interview desk – interviewing literally
1,000’s of job seekers. I’ve seen every mistake in the book made countless times in
industries ranging from biotechnology, software engineering, high tech, publishing,
consulting, sales, aerospace, non-profit, and outplacement – in Fortune 500's, as well
as start ups and everything in-between.
I’ve since retired from my career in Human Resources and now use my experience to
give job seekers like you an inside edge – a crystal clear understanding of what the
people doing the hiring are really looking for, and how you can present it to them in a
confident, sincere way.
For the past eight years I’ve been the interview expert for Monster.com, reaching out to
millions of job seekers and shedding light on the practical tools and approaches anyone
can use to make themselves the top choice by dream companies and organizations.
In this report, I’m going to walk you through some of the most important things you can
do to stand out in an overcrowded, scarce job market like the one we’re facing today.
You’re going to discover some simple tips that you can start using in your job hunt right
now to seal the deal on your dream job faster, easier, and without all the stress and
uncertainty (once you know how the “other side” sees things, you’ll be much more
confident and ready to get the job you want and deserve).
So let’s get started!
The Key Elements to Landing a Job In a
Tough Economy that Most People Overlook
We’re Not In Kansas Anymore…
It’s Time to Start Thinking Differently
The difference between today’s job market and those in the past is simple: there are
more people competing for fewer job openings (more competition and fewer jobs than
we’ve seen in decades).
This means the same old approach you may have used to land jobs in the past probably
won’t work – at least not nearly as well as it used to. Especially if you want more than
just a job “to get by” with, and are aiming for something that will really fuel your passions
and your bank account.
The most important element to landing a dream job in a tough economy is actually the
opposite of what people tend to focus the majority of their time and energy on.
Most job seekers focus on sending out resumes, submitting applications, and trying to
get an interview. And while these are essential steps to finding a job, they shouldn’t be
your top priority. If you send out enough resumes you’re going to get an interview. It’s
how prepared you are to effectively communicate what you have to offer in that
interview process that will set you apart from everyone else.
The interview is even more important in a scarce job market because you’ll need to
make the interviews that you get really count. And unlike in the past, companies who
are hiring are going to have many qualified applicants to choose from. The one who can
go the extra mile and speak to exactly what the company is looking for will be the one
that wins the job offer.
So, instead of spending all your attention and energy on getting an interview –
remember to dedicate a good amount of time each day getting prepared for the day
when you do have an interview. Then, when that day comes you’ll walk away with a job
offer instead of getting thrown back into the hunt for weeks or even months longer.
Let’s take a look at some of the common mistakes most people make in interviews, and
go over some easy to follow tips for making yourself stand out in the interviewers mind...
Don’t Get Caught Making
These Job Killing Interview Bloopers
I'm sure you've sat through movie or TV "bloopers" at the end of shows and laughed at
the mistakes the actors make during the filming of the show. If I could put together a film
with bloopers that people make in interviews it might seem funny as well – but not when
it happens in real life - to you!
How do you avoid bloopers? First you become aware of what some of the pitfalls of
interviewing are and then you prepare and practice so that it won't happen to you. Here
are 10 of those pitfalls to watch for...
1. Poor non-verbal communication (slouching, fidgeting, lack of eye contact)
It's about demonstrating confidence - standing straight, making eye contact, and
connecting with a good, firm handshake. That first impression can be a great beginning,
or a quick ending to your interview.
2. Not dressing for the job or company, "over casual"
Today's casual dress codes in the office, do not give you permission to dress as "they"
do when you interview. It is important to look professional and well groomed, above all.
Whether you wear a suit or something less formal depends on the company culture and
the position you are seeking. If possible, call and find out what the company dress code
is before the interview.
3. Not listening and only worrying about what you are going to say
From the very beginning of the interview, your interviewer is giving you information,
either directly or indirectly. If you are not listening – turning up your intuitive – you are
missing a major opportunity. Good communication skills include listening and letting the
person know you heard what they said. Observe your interviewer and match that style
and pace.
4. Talking too much, telling it all even if it's not relevant
Telling the interviewer more than they need to know could be a fatal mistake. When you
have not prepared ahead of time you may tend to ramble, sometimes talking yourself
right out of the job. Prepare for the interview by reading through the job posting;
matching your skills with the requirements of the position, and relating only that
information.
5. Being over-familiar (your new best friend is NOT the interviewer)
The interview is a professional meeting to talk business. This is not about making a new
friend. The level of familiarity should mimic the demeanor of the interviewer. It is
important to bring energy and enthusiasm to the interview, and to ask questions, but not
to over-step your place as a candidate looking for a job.
6. Using inappropriate language (you "guys" know what I mean)
It's a given that you should use professional language during the interview. Be aware of
any inappropriate slang words or references to age, race, religion, politics, or sexual
preferences – these topics could get the door slammed very quickly.
7. Acting cocky, being overconfident, having a "king of the hill" attitude
Attitude plays a key role in your interview success. There is a fine balance between
confidence, professionalism, and modesty. Even if you're putting on a performance to
demonstrate your ability, over-doing is as bad, if not worse, as being too reserved.
8. Not answering the question asked, "jumping in without thinking"
When an interviewer asks for an "example of a time," you did something, he is seeking
a sample of your past behavior. If you fail to relate a "specific" example, you not only
don't answer the question, but you miss an opportunity to prove your ability and tell
about your skills.
9. Not asking questions (a missed opportunity you will live to regret)
When asked if they have any questions, the majority of candidates answer, "No." Wrong
answer! It is extremely important to ask questions. It demonstrates an interest in what
goes on in the company. It also gives you the opportunity to find out if this is the right
place for you. The best questions come from listening to what is asked during the
interview, and asking for additional information.
10. Appearing desperate – "Please, please hire me!"
It's a tough job market, and you need a job! But, when you interview with the "Please,
please, hire me," approach you appear desperate and less confident. Maintain the three
"C's" during the interview: Cool, Calm, and Confident! You know you can do the job, –
now, make sure the interviewer believes you can, too.
Stop Playing Mind Games and Start Preparing to
Advance Your Career, Income, and Lifestyle
Let’s not sugar coat things. Being out of work and on the job hunt isn’t anyone’s favorite
position to be in. It can be an emotional roller coaster of hopes, disappointments,
frustrations, and overwhelming confusion and anxiety.
Questions run through your mind each day like, “When will I have a pay check coming
in again? How long will my savings hold out? How will I pay the rent/mortgage/bills?”
It’s in this position of perceived uncertainty and weakness that you mistakenly start
seeing yourself as powerless and trapped, a mere pawn in the almighty economy’s
unpredictable plans.
The best thing you can do when these doubts start to arise is stop, take a deep breath,
and open your mind to the overlooked ways of taking control and empowering yourself
in these tough circumstances.
Learning how to effectively sell your skills, knowledge, and experience is the most
powerful way to take control of your circumstances and find a good job quickly. Instead
of feeling hopeless, take charge and spend your time improving your ability to
communicate your value to companies that are hiring.
It’s not rocket science. And once you understand what interviewers are really thinking,
you’ll be able to confidently walk into your next interview and walk out with a job offer
beyond your expectations!
Here’s a quick two-minute drill you can practice and use before your next interview to
make sure every base is covered for giving a fantastic first impression…
The Two Minute Pre-Interview Drill
Will You Pass The Test?
Studies have shown that most people form an opinion about another's ability or
competence within the first two minutes, and as much as 93% of a person's
communication effectiveness is determined by style - how someone comes across. In
today's tight job market making a good impression is not only desirable, it’s essential.
A look at a worst and a best-case scenario illustrates the point…
Worst Case
Jack is nervous about his interview as he sits in the lobby.
Anyone watching can see the signs - his foot is tapping rapidly, he is muttering to
himself (obviously rehearsing his lines). He is slouched down in his chair.
When he spots the interviewer coming down the hall he begins to wipe his sweaty hand
on his pant leg. He stands, but as he does the magazine on his lap falls to the floor.
When he bends to pick it up, he knocks over his portfolio and papers fall out.
The interviewer stands to the side observing his behavior. She is thinking to herself,
"This guy is a basket case. He doesn't look like the kind of person we want representing
our product line."
When Jack does pull himself together, he holds out his hand, but his handshake is
weak. This interview is already headed in the wrong direction.
Best Case
Joann feels prepared and confident as she waits in the lobby for her interviewer. She
knows she looks good, and, as a result, she feels good. She has practiced and
prepared, and knows she can do this job. She will concentrate on selling herself as the
solution to the employer's problems.
As her interviewer approaches she stands and smiles looking directly in his direction.
She notices the color of his eyes as she extends her hand. She gives a firm shake and
smiles.
"This is a very confident woman. Someone who shows real promise," is the thought
going through the interviewer's mind. The first impression has been made - and it is a
positive one.
The Drill
It is important that your interview get off to a good start. The following seven steps or
"two-minute drill" will guide you toward a best-case interview scenario.
1. Appearance counts. When you look good, you feel good. Make sure you look
groomed and neat. If you were a book, would someone be attracted by your cover and
want to pursue you further?
2. Your clothes and accessories should be conservative and neutral, rather than wild
and loud. Your clothes are your packaging and should not take attention away from the
product.
3. Non-Verbal Communication sometimes conveys a stronger message than verbal
communication. When you slouch, whether you're sitting or standing, you are saying
volumes about you and your confidence level. Sit up straight (like your mother always
told you to). When you stand make yourself as tall as possible - shoulders back and
head held high. Picture a successful screen star or TV announcer - and mimic their
carriage.
4. Eye contact and smiles can indicate a confident and upbeat attitude. You will notice
that many job postings ask for "enthusiasm and energy." This is a good opportunity to
demonstrate your social and interpersonal skills, as well as your excitement about the
opportunity you are interviewing for.
5. The handshake sends a strong tactile message. Whether your hands are hot and
sweaty or cold and clammy, you can try some tricks to control the temperature. To cool
your hands try running cold water on the insides of your wrists. Use hot water if your
hands are cool. If you have particularly sweaty hands try using a deodorant gel
(antiperspirant) as a lotion. Your hands will feel soft and smell good.
6. Your voice and the volume of your speech convey a strong impression. Whether it
is a phone interview or a face-to-face interview, it is important that you speak with
enthusiasm and energy. Use a firm voice to demonstrate your confidence. If you speak
in a whisper the impact will be weak and ineffective.
7. Your vocabulary reveals your communication skills and ability to interface with
people - especially people you've not met before. The words you choose will indicate
your education and training, as well as your knowledge of the industry you are applying
for. It is important to use "their" words and talk "their" talk.
Practice your first impression with someone you trust to give you objective feedback.
Use a checklist to remind yourself how to handle this first encounter. You are there to
make a sale - an important sale - and the product you are selling is YOU. When you get
off on the right foot the interview will flow easily. This is one impression you cannot
leave to chance.
Getting Ready For The Tough Questions
How To Read Between The Lines and Dodge The Traps
Most Job Seekers Fall Into Every Time
Now that you’ve got some good general tips on the right mindset to have going into your
next interview, it’s time to dig into the meat of every interview: the tough questions
interviewers ask to get an x-ray view of whether or not they want to hire you.
Behind every interview question there is a concern or another question. Your job is to
process the question thinking about what the interviewer's concern might be. In other
words, why is the interviewer asking you this question?
Developing this ability to “read between the lines” will allow you to craft answers that
speak to what the interviewer is really looking for, without being insincere or dishonest.
In the end, the candidate who can translate his skills and abilities into a meaningful,
enticing message that connects with the company’s goals will win the position – and the
leverage to negotiate the salary and perks you’ve been hoping for.
Simply being highly qualified is not enough. You have to show what these qualifications
will mean to the company, in a way that makes sense to your interviewer.
To help you better understand what’s really going on in an interviewer’s mind, I’ve put
together some common questions and an explanation of what they really mean on the
next page…
A Peek Inside The Mind Of Some Of The Toughest Interviewers
10 Common Job Interview Questions
That Can Make Or Break You
What They Really Mean And
Some Examples Of Good Answers
Below are 10 common interview questions you’re likely to run into on your hunt for a job.
After each question, I explain the key concern behind the question that you should be
aware of. Then, I give an example of a good answer that you can use to model your
own answer after.
Q #1 - How long have you been looking for a job? (Concern – is there something wrong
with you that other employers have picked up?)
A #1 - "After I was laid off from my last job, I took the opportunity to take some time out
to examine my career goals and where I was going with my life. I have just begun my
search in the last few weeks. I have a definite goal in mind and have been selective
about the positions I consider. Your company and this position are of great interest to
me."
Q #2 - How did you prepare for this interview? (Concern – are you interested enough to
do some research, or are you going to "wing it"?)
A #2 - "When I found this position posted on the internet (monster.com) I was
immediately interested. I checked out the company website and mission statement,
looked at the bios of company founders and executives, and was impressed. Once I
had the interview appointment, I talked with friends and acquaintances in the industry.
And, I'm sure I'll find out a lot more in today's meetings."
Q #3 - What is your salary expectation for this job? (Concern – Can we afford you? Can
we get you for less than budgeted?)
A #3 - "I'll need more information about the job and the responsibilities involved before
we can begin to discuss salary. Can you give me an idea of the range budgeted for this
position?"
Q #4 - How do you keep current and informed about your job and the industries that you
have worked in? (Concern – Once you get the job do you continue to learn and grow –
stay challenged and motivated?)
A #4 - "I pride myself on my ability to stay on top of what is happening in my industry. I
do a lot of reading – the business section of the newspapers and magazines. I belong to
a couple of professional organizations and network with colleagues at the meetings. I
take classes and seminars whenever they are of interest, or offer new information or
technology."
Q #5 - Tell me about a time when you had to plan and coordinate a project from start to
finish. (Concern – behavioral questions – seeking an example of specific past behavior)
A #5 - " I headed up a project which involved customer service personnel and
technicians. I organized a meeting to get everyone together to brainstorm and get his or
her input. From this meeting I drew up a plan, taking the best of the ideas. I organized
teams, balancing the mixture of technical and non-technical people. We had a deadline
to meet, so I did periodic checks with the teams. After three weeks, we were exceeding
expectations, and were able to begin implementation of the plan. It was a great team
effort, and a big success. I was commended by management for my leadership, but I
was most proud of the team spirit and cooperation which it took to pull it off."
Q #6 - What kinds of people do you have difficulties working with? (Concern – ability to
be flexible and work in a diverse environment?)
A #6 - "In my last three jobs I have worked with men and women from very diverse
backgrounds and cultures. The only time I had difficulty was with people who were
dishonest about work issues. I worked with one woman who was taking credit for work
that her team accomplished. I had an opportunity to talk with her one day and explained
how she was affecting the morale. She became very upset that others saw her that way,
and said she was unaware of her behavior or the reactions of others. Her behavior
changed after our talk. What I learned from that experience is that sometimes what we
perceive about others is not always the case if we check it out."
Q #7 - We expect managers to work more than 8 hours a day. Do you have a problem
with that? (Concern – are you a workaholic or a person who requires balance?)
A #7 - "I have no problem working long hours. I have worked 12 or 14 hour days. What I
have found works for me is to work smarter, not necessarily longer. My goal is to get the
job done, whatever that takes, in the most efficient manner."
Q #8 - When have you been most satisfied in your career? (Concern – what motivates
you? Or de-motivates you?)
A #8 - "The job before the one I am currently at, was my most rewarding experience for
me. I worked in a wonderful team environment. There was a lot of camaraderie. I
worked with a team of four people and we did some really original thinking. It is that kind
of environment I want to be involved in again."
Q #9 - Why do you want this job? (Concern – are you using the shot-gun approach to
job search or do you really know what you want?)
A #9 - "I've been very careful about the companies where I have applied. When I saw
the ad for this position, I knew I found what I was looking for. What I can bring to this job
is my seven years of experience, and knowledge of the industry, plus my ability to
communicate and build customer relationships. That, along with my flexibility and
organizational skills, makes me a perfect match for this position. I see some challenges
ahead of me here, and that's what I thrive on. I have what you need, and you have what
I want."
Q #10 - We are ready to make an offer. Are you ready to accept today? (Concern – we
don't want you to go away and think about it and change your mind – we want you.)
A #10 - "Based on my research and the information I have gathered during the interview
process, I feel I am in a position to consider an offer. I do, however, have a personal
policy that I give myself at least 24 hours to make major life decisions. I could let you
know by tomorrow."
There is no way you can accurately predict the questions that will be asked in an
interview, but you can be ready and prepared by thinking about the factors that might
concern an interviewer or employer before the interview.
Will You Be One of the 1,000’s of People Starting
Exciting, Top Paying Jobs This Month?
Or Will You Still Be Struggling To
Track Down Whatever Work You Can Find?
You have a choice to make.
You can blame your poor results on the economy, push through months of frustrating
job hunting, and end up in a job you don’t like earning a salary you’re less than thrilled
about.
Or, you can hone your interviewing skills every day. Uncover the tools and strategies
that will set you apart in this crowded market. And land a job that will excel your career
and your lifestyle in much less time, with much less stress and anxiety.
It’s entirely up to you.
But the choice you make is dramatically going to change where you’ll be in the next few
months, and probably in the next few years as well.
I hope you’ve found the tips in this report useful. These ideas are proven to work. I’ve
helped 1,000’s of people get the jobs they’ve been dreaming of. From FBI agents, law
enforcement, fire, police and other public agencies, public defenders, project managers,
public relations professionals, sales people, accounting and finance people at all levels,
high-tech IT experts, teachers, pre-med students and grads, health care professionals,
and even beauty queens.
And I’m confident these strategies will work for you, too.
For a complete, step-by-step guide on everything you need to do to ace your next
interview visit my web site now at: http://www.instantinterviewcoach.com
Inside, I walk you through my proven interview training process that will put you miles
ahead of your competitors. In just a few hours, you’ll understand everything you need to
know about making even the most hard-nosed interviewer eager to hire you on at a top
paying salary.
Don’t put your security, happiness, and lifestyle at risk by “winging it” – get the inside
knowledge you need to succeed, and land your dream job fast!
Visit http://www.instantinterviewcoach.com now for more free tips that will give
you the upper hand in our increasingly competitive job market and economy.
Copyright © 2009 Carole Martin, The Interview Coach
Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Thursday, July 30, 2009
Budget 2009-10
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Government of India
“Democracy is the art and science of mobilizing the
entire physical, economic and spiritual resources of various
sections of the people in the service of the common good of
all.”
Mahatma Gandhi
BUDGET 2009-10
July 6, 2009
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Key Features of Budget 2009-2010
CHALLENGES
! to lead economy to high GDP growth rate of 9 per cent per annum at the earliest
! to deepen and broaden the agenda for inclusive development
! to improve delivery mechanisms of the government.
OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMY
! Growth rate of Gross Domestic Product dipped from an average of over 9 per cent
in the previous three fiscal years to 6.7 per cent during 2008-09.
! Whole sale price index rose to nearly 13 per cent in August, 2008 and had an
equally sharp fall to zero per cent in March, 2009.
! The structure of India’s economy changed over the last ten years with contribution
of the services sector to GDP at well over 50 per cent and share of merchandise
trade doubling to 38.9 per cent of GDP in 2008-09.
! Recognising economic recovery and growth as co-operative effort of the Central
and State Governments, meeting with Finance Ministers of States held as part of
preparation of the Budget. This is intended to become an annual feature.
TOWARDS ECONOMIC REVIVAL
Short-term Measures
! To counter the negative fallout of the global slowdown on the Indian economy,
Government responded by providing three focused fiscal stimulus packages in the
form of tax relief and increased expenditure on public projects along with RBI
taking a number of monetary easing and liquidity enhancing measures.
! Fiscal accommodation led to an increase in fiscal deficit from 2.7 per cent in
2007-08 to 6.2 per cent of GDP in 2008-09.
! The fiscal stimulus at 3.5 per cent of GDP at current market prices for 2008-09
amounts to Rs.1,86,000 crore.
! Measures taken by the Government were effective in arresting the fall in GDP
growth rate in 2008-09. 6.7 per cent growth rate recorded in 2008-09.
Infrastructure Development
! IIFCL to evolve a Takeout financing scheme in consultation with banks to facilitate
incremental lending to infrastructure sector.
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! IIFCL to refinance 60 per cent of commercial bank loans for PPP projects in critical
sectors over the next fifteen to eighteen months. IIFCL and Banks are now in a
position to support projects involving total investment of Rs.1,00,000 crore.
Highway and Railways
! Allocation to National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) for the National
Highway Development Programme (NHDP) increased by 23 per cent over
B.E. 2008-09 in B.E. 2009-10 and allocation for Railways increased from Rs.10,800
crore in Interim B.E. 2009-10 to Rs.15,800 crore in B.E. 2009-10.
Urban Infrastructure
! Allocation under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
stepped up by 87 per cent to Rs.12,887 crore in B.E. 2009-10 over B.E. 2008-09.
Allocation for housing and provision of basic amenities to urban poor enhanced to
Rs.3,973 crore in B.E. 2009-10. This includes provision for Rajiv Awas Yojana
(RAY), a new scheme announced.
Brihan Mumbai Storm Water Drainage Project (BRIMSTOWA)
! Provision for the project BRIMSTOWA initiated in 2007 and funded through Central
Assistance to address the problem of flooding in Mumbai, enhanced from Rs.200
crore in Interim B.E. 2009-10 to Rs.500 crore in B.E. 2009-10 to expedite
completion of the project.
Power
! Allocation under Accelerated Power Development and Reform Programme
(APDRP) increased by 160 per cent to Rs.2,080 crore in B.E. 2009-10 over
B.E. 2008-09.
Gas
! Blueprint to be developed for long distance gas pipelines leading to a National Gas
Grid to facilitate transportation of gas across the length and breadth of the country.
Assam Gas Cracker Project
! Outlay for Assam Gas Cracker Project stepped up suitably in B.E. 2009-10.
AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
! Target for agriculture credit flow set at Rs.3,25,000 crore for the year 2009-10.
In 2008-09 agriculture credit flow was at Rs.2,87,000 crore.
! Interest subvention scheme for short term crop loans up to Rs.3 lakh per farmer at
the interest rate of 7 per cent per annum to be continued. Additional subvention of
1 per cent to be paid from this year, as incentive to those farmers who repay short
term crop loans on schedule. Additional allocation of Rs.411 crore over Interim
B.E. 2009-10 made for this.
Debt Relief for Farmers
! Time given to the farmers having more than two hectares of land to pay 75 per cent
of their overdues under Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme extended from 30th
June, 2009 to 31st December, 2009.
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! Taskforce to be set up to examine the issue of debt taken by a large number of
farmers in some regions of Maharashtra from private money lenders who were not
covered by the loan waiver scheme announced last year.
Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme
! Allocation under Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) increased by
75 per cent over B.E. 2008-09.
! Allocation under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) stepped up by 30 per
cent in B.E. 2009-10 over B.E. 2008-09.
RESTORING EXPORT GROWTH
! Adjustment assistance scheme to provide enhanced Export Credit and Guarantee
Corporation (ECGC) cover at 95 per cent to badly hit sectors extended upto
March 2010.
! Allocation for Market Development Assistance Scheme enhanced to Rs.124 crore
in B.E. 2009-10.
! Interest subvention of 2 per cent on pre-shipment credit for seven employment
oriented export sectors extended beyond the current deadline of September 30,
2009 to March 31, 2010.
! To facilitate flow of credit at reasonable rates, Rs.4,000 crore provided as special
fund out of Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) to Small Industries
Development Bank of India (SIDBI). This will incentivise Banks and State Finance
Corporations (SFCs) to lend to Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) by refinancing
50 per cent of incremental lending to MSEs during the current financial year.
! Stimulus package for print media comprising waiver of 15 per cent agency
commission on DAVP advertisements and 10 per cent increase in DAVP rates to be
paid as a special relief subject to documentary proof of loss of revenue in nongovernmental
advertisements, extended from 30th June, 2009 to 31st December, 2009.
MEDIUM-TERM SUSTAINABILITY
! To bring the fiscal deficit under control, institutional reform measures to be initiated
during the current year itself.
Fertilizer Subsidy
! To ensure balanced application of fertilizers for increasing agricultural productivity,
Government intends to move towards a nutrient based subsidy regime so as to
cover larger basket of fertilizers with innovative fertilizer products available in the
market at reasonable prices.
! It is intended to move to a system of direct transfer of subsidy to the farmers in due
course.
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Petroleum and Diesel pricing Policy
! With almost three quarters of our oil consumption met through imports, it is
important to recognise that domestic prices of petrol and diesel are broadly in sync
with global prices. Government to set up an expert group to advise on a viable and
sustainable system of pricing petroleum products.
Taxation
! SARAL – II forms to be introduced early.
People’s ownership of PSUs
! While retaining at least 51 per cent Government equity in Public Sector
Undertakings, people’s participation in disinvestment programmes to be encouraged.
! Public Sector Enterprises such as banks and insurance companies to remain in
public sector and will be given full support including capital infusion to grow and
remain competitive.
Financial Sector
! The threshold for non-promoter public shareholding for all listed companies to be
raised in a phased manner.
! Scheduled commercial banks allowed to set up off-site ATMs without prior approval
subject to reporting.
! A sub-committee of State Level Bankers Committee (SLBC) to identify and
formulate an action plan for providing banking facilities in under-banked/unbanked
areas in the next three years. Rs.100 crore set aside as one-time grant in-aid to
ensure provision of at least one centre/Point of Sales (POS) for banking services in
each of the unbanked blocks.
! Government has established Competition Commission of India, an autonomous
regulatory body. An Appellate body headed by a retired judge of Supreme Court
also constituted.
TOWARDS INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS)
! Allocation under NREGS increased by 144 per cent to Rs.39,100 crore in
B.E. 2009-10 over B.E. 2008-09.
! To increase productivity of assets and resources under NREGA, convergence with
other schemes relating to agriculture, forests, water resources, land resources, rural
roads initiated. In the first stage 115 pilot districts selected for convergence.
National Food Security Act
! National Food Security Act to be brought in to ensure entitlement of 25 kilo of rice
or wheat per month at Rs.3 per kilo to every family living below the poverty line in
rural or urban areas. Food Security Bill to be put on the website of the Department
of Food and Public Distribution for public debate.
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Bharat Nirman
! Allocation for Bharat Nirman increased by 45 per cent in 2009-10 over
B.E. 2008-09. Allocations under Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
increased by 59 per cent over B.E. 2008-09 to Rs.12,000 crore in B.E. 2009-10.
Under Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY), allocation increased
by 27 per cent to Rs.7,000 crore.
! Allocation under Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) increased by 63 per cent to Rs.8,800
crore in B.E. 2009-10. Allocation of Rs.2,000 crore made for Rural Housing Fund
(RHF) in National Housing Bank (NHB) to boost the resource base of NHB for
refinance operations in rural housing sector.
Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY)
! New scheme Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY) with an allocation
of Rs.100 crore launched on pilot basis for integrated development of 1000 villages
having population of scheduled castes above 50 per cent.
EMPOWERMENT OF WEAKER SECTIONS
! The Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) restructured as National Rural
Livelihood Mission to make it universal in application, focused in approach and
time bound for poverty eradication by 2014-15. In addition to capital subsidy at
enhanced rate, interest subsidy to poor households to be provided for loans upto
Rs.1 lakh from banks.
! There are over 22 lakh Women’s Self Help Groups linked with banks. Reach of
SHGs to be widened to enrol at least 50 per cent of all rural women in India as
members of SHGs over the next five years.
! Corpus of Rashtriya Mahila Kosh to be increased from Rs.100 crore to Rs.500
crore over the next few years.
Female Literacy
! National Mission for Female Literacy to be launched with focus on minorities, SC,
ST and other marginalized groups with the aim to reduce level of female illiteracy
by half in three years.
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
! All ICD Services to be extended to every child under the age of six by
March, 2012.
Student Loans to Weaker Sections
! To enable students from economically weaker sections to access higher education,
a scheme to provide full interest subsidy during the period of moratorium introduced
to cover loans taken from scheduled banks to pursue any of the approved courses
of study in technical and professional streams from recoganised institutions in India.
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Welfare of Minorities
! Plan outlay of Ministry of Minority Affairs enhanced from Rs.1,000 crore in B.E.
2008-09 to Rs.1,740 crore in 2009-10 registering an increase of 74 per cent. This
includes Rs.990 crore for Multi-Sectoral Development Programme for Minorities,
Grants-in-aid to Maulana Azad Education Foundation, National Minorities Development
and Finance Corporation and pre and post matric scholarship for minorities.
! Allocations made for the new schemes of National Fellowship for Students from
minority community and Grants-in-aid to Central Wakf Council for computerization
of records of State Wakf Boards.
! Rs.25 crore each allocated for establishing new campuses at Murshidabad in West
Bengal and Malappuram in Kerala by Aligarh Muslim University.
Welfare of workers in the unorganized sector
! Action initiated to ensure implementation of social security schemes for occupation
like weavers, fishermen and women, toddy tappers, leather and handicraft workers,
plantation labour, construction labour, mine workers, bidi workers and rickshaw
pullers. Necessary financial allocation will be made for these schemes.
Employment Exchanges
! New project for modernization of Employment Exchange in public private
partnership to be launched so that a job seeker can register on line from anywhere
and approach any employment exchange.
Handloom
! One handloom mega cluster each in West Bengal and Tamil Nadu and one
powerloom mega cluster in Rajasthan to be set up. New mega clusters for carpets
to be also set up in Srinagar (J&K) and Mirzapur (UP).
Health
! Allocation under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) increased by Rs.2,057
crore over Interim B.E. 2009-10 of Rs.12,070 crore.
! All BPL families to be covered under Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY).
Allocation under RSBY increased by 40 per cent over previous allocation to Rs.350
crore in B.E. 2009-10.
Environment and climate change
! In furtherance to National Action Plan on Climate Change, eight national missions
representing a multi-pronged long-term and integrated approach to be launched.
! National Ganga River Basin Authority set up. Budgetary allocation under National
River and Lake Conservation Plans increased from Rs.335 crore in B.E. 2008-09
to Rs.562 crore in B.E. 2009-10.
! Special one-time grant of Rs.100 crore given to Indian Council of Forestry Research
and Education, Dehradun.
! Rs.15 crore each to be allocated to Botanical Survey of India and Zoological Survey of
India. An additional amount of Rs.15 crore to be allocated for Geological Survey of India.
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TOWARDS BUILDING ACOUNTABLE INSTITUTIONS
Improving Delivery of Public Services
! Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to set up online data base with
identity and biometric details of Indian residents and provide enrolment and
verification services across country. Provision of Rs.120 crore made for this in the
Budget.
! First set of unique identity number to be rolled out in 12 to 18 months.
National Security
! Additional amount of Rs.430 crore provided over Interim B.E. 2009-10
to modernise police machinery in the States.
! Additional amount of Rs.2,284 crore proposed over Interim B.E. 2009-10 for
construction of fences, roads, flood lights on the international borders.
! Programme for housing to create 1 lakh dwelling units for Central Para-military
Forces personnel to be launched through innovative financing model.
One Rank One Pension for Ex-servicemen (OROP)
! Based on the recommendation of the Committee headed by the Cabinet Secretary
on OROP, government has decided to substantially improve the pension of pre
01.01.2006 defence pensioners below officer rank and bring pre 10.10.1997
pensioners on par with post 10.10.1997 pensioners. The decisions to be implemented
from 01st July, 2009 and will cost more than Rs.2,100 crore annually.
Education
! Provision for the scheme ‘Mission in Education through ICT’ substantially increased
to Rs.900 crore and the provision for setting up and up-gradation of Polytechnics
under the Skill Development Mission enhanced to Rs.495 crore.
! Rs.827 crore allocated for opening one Central University in each uncovered State.
! Rs.2,113 crore allocated for IITs and NITs which includes a provision of Rs.450
crore for new IITs and NITs.
! The overall Plan budget for higher education is to be increased by Rs.2,000 crore
over Interim B.E. 2009-10.
! Rs.50 crore allocated for Punjab University, Chandigarh. Plan allocation for
Chandigarh to be suitably enhanced during the year to provide better infrastructure
to the people of Chandigarh.
Commonwealth Games, 2010
! Outlays to be stepped up from Rs.2,112 crore in Interim Budget to Rs.3,472 crore
in regular Budget 2009-10.
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Srilankan Tamils
! Rs.500 crore allocated for rehabilitation of internally displaced persons and
reconstruction of the northern and eastern areas of Sri Lanka. Ministry of External
Affairs to work closely with the Sri Lankan Government.
Cyclone Aila
! Rs.1,000 crore allocated for programme for rebuilding the damaged infrastructure
caused due to cyclone Aila in West Bengal.
BUDGET ESTIMATE 2009-10
! Budget Estimates provide for a total expenditure of Rs.10,20,838 crore consisting
of Rs.6,95,689 crore under Non-plan and Rs.3,25,149 crore under Plan registering
an increase of 37 per cent in Non-plan expenditure and 34 per cent in Plan
expenditure over B.E. 2008-09.
! Total expenditure in B.E. 2009-10 increased by 36 per cent over B.E. 2008-09.
! Increase in Non-plan expenditure is mainly due to implementation of Sixth Central
Pay Commission recommendations, increased food subsidy and higher interest
payment arising out of larger fiscal deficit in 2008-09.
! Interest payments estimated at Rs.2,25,511 crore constituting about 36 per cent of
Non-plan revenue expenditure in B.E. 2009-10.
! Subsidies up from Rs.71,431 crore in B.E. 2008-09 to Rs.1,11,276 crore in B.E.
2009-10.
! Outlay for Defence up from Rs.1,05,600 crore in B.E. 2008-09 to Rs.1,41,703
crore in B.E. 2009-10.
! Gross Budgetary Support for Annual Plan 2009-10 enhanced by Rs.40,000 crore
over Interim B.E. 2009-10.
! State Governments to be permitted to borrow additional 0.5 per cent of their GSDP
by relaxing the fiscal deficit target under FRBM from 3.5 per cent to 4 per cent of
their GSDP. This will enable the States to borrow Rs.21,000 crore additionally
over Interim B.E. 2009-10.
! Gross tax receipts budgeted at Rs.6,41,079 crore in B.E. 2009-10 compared to
Rs.6,87,715 crore in B.E. 2008-09.
! Non-tax revenue receipts estimated at Rs.1,40,279 crore in B.E. 2009-10 compared
to Rs.95,785 crore in B.E. 2008-09.
! Revenue deficit projected at 4.8 per cent of GDP in B.E. 2009-10 compared to 1
per cent in B.E. 2008-09 and 4.6 per cent as per provisional accounts of 2008-09.
! Fiscal deficit as a percentage of GDP is projected at 6.8 per cent compared to 2.5
per cent in B.E. 2008-09 and 6.2 per cent as per provisional accounts 2008-09.
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TAX PROPOSALS
! Tax reform, like all reforms, is a process and not an event. Thrust of reforms has
been to improve the efficiency and equity of our tax system. This is sought to be
achieved by eliminating distortions in the tax structure, introducing moderate levels
of taxation and expanding the base and accompanied by requisite re-engineering
of key business processes coupled with automation.
! Recent initiative, on direct taxes side, of the setting up of a Centralized Processing
Centre (CPC) at Bengaluru where all electronically filed returns, and paper returns
filed in entire Karnataka, will be processed.
! Centre’s Tax-GDP ratio has increased to 11.5 per cent in 2008-09 from a low of 9.2
per cent in 2003-04. Share of direct taxes in the Centre’s tax revenues has increased
to 56 percent in 2008-09 from 41 percent in 2003-04, reflecting sharp improvement
in equity of our tax system.
! Structural changes in direct taxes to be pursued by releasing the new Direct Taxes
Code within the next 45 days and in indirect taxes by accelerating the process for
the smooth introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) with effect from 1st
April, 2010.
! The Direct Taxes Code, along with a Discussion Paper, to be released to the public
for debate. The Direct Taxes Code Bill will be finalised for introduction in Lok
Sabha sometime during the Winter Session based on the inputs received.
! The Authorities for Advance Rulings on Direct and Indirect Taxes to be merged by
amending the relevant Acts.
! Agreement has been reached on the basic structure of GST in keeping with the
principles of fiscal federalism enshrined in the Constitution. Broad contour of the
GST Model envisages dual GST comprising of a Central GST and a State GST.
The Centre and the States will each legislate, levy and administer the Central GST
and State GST, respectively.
Direct Taxes
! No changes made in the Corporate Tax rates.
! Exemption limit in personal income tax raised by Rs.15,000 from Rs.2.25 lakh to
Rs.2.40 lakh for senior citizens; by Rs.10,000 from Rs.1.80 lakh to Rs.1.90 lakh
for women tax payers; and by Rs.10,000 from Rs.1.50 lakh to Rs.1.60 lakh for all
other categories of individual taxpayers.
! Deduction under section 80-DD in respect of maintenance, including medical
treatment, of a dependent who is a person with severe disability being raised from
the present limit of Rs.75,000 to Rs.1 lakh.
! Surcharge on various direct taxes to be phased out; in the first instance, by
eliminating the surcharge of 10 percent on personal income-tax.
! Sun-set clauses for deduction in respect of export profits under sections 10A and
10B of the Income-tax Act being extended by one more year i.e. for the financial
year 2010-11.
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! Fringe Benefit Tax on the value of certain fringe benefits provided by employers to
their employees to be abolished.
! Scope of provisions relating to weighted deduction of 150% on expenditure incurred
on in-house R&D to all manufacturing businesses being extended except for a
small negative list.
! Businesses to be incentivised by providing investment linked tax exemptions
rather than profit linked exemptions. Investment linked tax incentives to be
provided, to begin with, to the businesses of setting up and operating ‘cold chain’,
warehousing facilities for storing agricultural produce and the business of laying
and operating cross country natural gas or crude or petroleum oil pipeline network
for distribution on common carrier principle. Under this method, all capital
expenditure, other than expenditure on land, goodwill and financial instruments
to be fully allowable as deduction.
! Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) to be increased to 15 per cent of book profits from
10 per cent. The period allowed to carry forward the tax credit under MAT to be
extended from seven years to ten years.
! New Pension System (NPS) to continue to be subjected to the Exempt-Exempt-
Taxed (EET) method of tax treatment of savings. Income of the NPS Trust to be
exempted from income tax and any dividend paid to this Trust from Dividend
Distribution Tax. All purchase and sale of equity shares and derivatives by the
NPS Trust also to be exempt from the Securities Transaction Tax. Self employed
persons to be enabled to participate in the NPS and to avail of the tax benefits
available thereto.
! Alternative dispute resolution mechanism to be created within the Income Tax
Department for the resolution of transfer pricing disputes. Central Board of Direct
Taxes (CBDT) to be empowered to formulate ‘safe harbour’ rules to reduce the
impact of judgemental errors in determining transfer price in international
transactions.
! Commodity Transaction Tax (CTT) to be abolished.
! Donations to electoral trusts to be allowed as a 100 percent deduction in the
computation of the income of the donor.
! Deduction under section 80E of the Income-tax Act allowed in respect of interest
on loans taken for pursuing higher education in specified fields of study to be
extended to cover all fields of study, including vocational studies, pursued after
completion of schooling.
! To mitigate the practical difficulties faced by charitable organisations, anonymous
donations received by charitable organisations to the extent of 5 percent of their
total income or a sum of Rs.1 lakh, whichever is higher, not to be taxed.
! Scope of presumptive taxation to be extended to all small businesses with a turnover
upto Rs. 40 lakh. All such taxpayers to have option to declare their income from
business at the rate of 8 percent of their turnover and simultaneously enjoy exemption
from the compliance burden of maintaining books of accounts. As a procedural
simplification, they are also to be exempted from advance tax and allowed to pay
their entire tax liability from business at the time of filing their return. This new
scheme to come into effect from the financial year 2010-11.
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! Tax holiday under section 80-IB(9) of the Income Tax Act, which was hitherto
available in respect of profits arising from the commercial production or refining
of mineral oil, to be extended to natural gas. This tax benefit to be available to
undertakings in respect of profits derived from the commercial production of mineral
oil and natural gas from oil and gas blocks which are awarded under the
NELP-VIII round of bidding. The section to be retrospectively amended to provide
that “undertaking” for the purposes of section 80-IB(9) will mean all blocks awarded
in any single contract.
Indirect Taxes
! Proposals on indirect taxes to seek to achieve stable framework by maintaining the
overall rate structure for customs and central excise duties as well as service tax.
Customs duties
! Customs duty of 5% to be imposed on Set Top Box for television broadcasting.
! Customs duty on LCD Panels for manufacture of LCD televisions to be reduced
from 10% to 5%.
! Full exemption from 4% special CVD on parts for manufacture of mobile phones
and accessories to be reintroduced for one year.
! List of specified raw materials/inputs imported by manufacturer-exporters of sports
goods which are exempt from customs duty, subject to specified conditions, to be
expanded by including five additional items.
! List of specified raw materials and equipment imported by manufacturer-exporters
of leather goods, textile products and footwear industry which are fully exempt
from customs duty, subject to specified conditions, to be expanded.
! Customs duty on unworked corals to be reduced from 5% to Nil.
! Customs duty on 10 specified life saving drugs/vaccine and their bulk drugs to be
reduced from 10% to 5% with Nil CVD (by way of excise duty exemption).
! Customs duty on specified heart devices, namely artificial heart and PDA/ASD
occlusion device, to be reduced from 7.5% to 5% with Nil CVD (by way of excise
duty exemption).
! Customs duty on permanent magnets for PM synchronous generator above 500
KW used in wind operated electricity generators to be reduced from 7.5% to 5%.
! Customs duty on bio-diesel to be reduced from 7.5% to 2.5%.
! Concessional customs duty of 5% on specified machinery for tea, coffee and rubber
plantations to be reintroduced for one year, upto 06.07.2010.
! Customs duty on ‘mechanical harvester’ for coffee plantation to be reduced from
7.5% to 5%. CVD on such harvesters has also been reduced from 8% to nil, by
way of excise duty exemption.
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! Customs duty on serially numbered gold bars (other than tola bars) and gold coins
to be increased from Rs.100 per 10 gram to Rs.200 per 10 gram. Customs duty on
other forms of gold to be increased from Rs.250 per 10 gram to Rs.500 per 10
gram. Customs duty on silver to be increased from Rs.500 per Kg. to Rs.1000 per
Kg. These increases also to be applicable when gold and silver (including ornaments)
are imported as personal baggage.
! Customs duty on cotton waste to be reduced from 15% to 10%.
! Customs duty on wool waste to be reduced from 15% to 10%.
! Customs duty on rock phosphate to be reduced from 5% to 2%.
! CVD exemption on Aerial Passenger Ropeway Projects to be withdrawn. Such
projects will now attract applicable CVD.
! Customs duty exemption on concrete batching plants of capacity 50 cum per hour
or more to be withdrawn. Such plants will now attract customs duty of 7.5%.
! On packaged or canned software, CVD exemption to be provided on the portion of
the value which represents the consideration for transfer of the right to use such
software, subject to specified conditions.
! Customs duty on inflatable rafts, snow-skis, water skis, surf-boats, sail-boards and
other water sports equipment to be fully exempted.
Central excise duties
! Excise duty rate on items currently attracting 4% to be raised to 8% with following
major exceptions:
• Specified food items including biscuits, sharbats, cakes and pastries
• Drugs and pharmaceutical products falling under Chapter 30
• Medical equipment
• Certain varieties of paper, paperboard and articles thereof
• Paraxylene
• Power driven pumps for handling water
• Footwear of RSP exceeding Rs.250 but not exceeding Rs.750 per pair
• Pressure cookers
• Vacuum and gas filled bulbs of RSP not exceeding Rs.20 per bulb
• Compact Fluorescent Lamps
• Cars for physically handicapped
! Specific component of excise duty applicable to large cars/utility vehicles of engine
capacity 2000 cc and above to be reduced from Rs. 20,000/- per vehicle to Rs.15,000
per vehicle.
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! Excise duty on petrol driven trucks/lorries to be reduced from 20% to 8%. Excise
duty on chassis of such trucks/lorries to be reduced from ‘20% + Rs.10000’ to
‘8% + Rs.10000’.
! Excise duty on Special Boiling Point spirits to be reduced to 14%.
! Excise duty on naphtha to be reduced to 14%.
! Duty paid High Speed Diesel blended with upto 20% bio-diesel to be fully exempted
from excise duties.
! The ad valorem component of excise duty of 6% on petrol intended for sale with a
brand name to be converted into a specific rate. Consequently, such petrol would
now attract total excise duty of Rs.14.50 per litre instead of ‘6% + Rs.13 per litre’.
! The ad valorem component of excise duty of 6% on diesel intended for sale with a
brand name to be converted into a specific rate. Consequently, such diesel would
now attract total excise duty of Rs.4.75 per litre instead of ‘6% + Rs.3.25 per litre’.
! Excise duty on manmade fibre and yarn to be increased from 4% to 8%.
! Excise duty on PTA and DMT to be increased from 4% to 8%.
! Excise duty on polyester chips to be increased from 4% to 8%.
! Excise duty on acrylonitrile to be increased from 4% to 8%.
! The scheme of optional excise duty of 4% for pure cotton to be restored.
! Excise duty for man-made and natural fibres other than pure cotton, beyond the
fibre and yarn stage, to be increased from 4% to 8% under the existing optional
scheme.
! An optional excise duty exemption to be provided to tops of manmade fibre
manufactured from duty paid tow at par with tops manufactured from duty paid
staple fibre.
! Suitable adjustments to be made in the rates of duty applicable to DTA clearances
of textile goods made by Export Oriented Units using indigenous raw materials/
inputs for manufacture of such goods.
! Full exemption from excise duty to be provided on goods of Chapter 68 of Central
Excise Tariff manufactured at the site of construction for use in construction work
at such site.
! Excise duty exemption on ‘recorded smart cards’ and ‘recorded proximity cards
and tags’ to be made optional. Manufacturers have the option to pay the applicable
excise duty and avail the credit of duty paid on inputs.
! EVA compound manufactured on job work for further use in manufacture of
footwear to be exempted from excise duty.
! Benefit of SSI exemption scheme to be extended to printed laminated rolls bearing
the brand name of others by excluding this item from the purview of the brand
name restriction.
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! On packaged or canned software, excise duty exemption to be provided on the
portion of the value which represents the consideration for transfer of the right to
use such software, subject to specified conditions.
! Excise duty on branded articles of jewellery to be reduced from 2% to Nil.
Service tax
! Service Tax to be imposed on the following services:
• Service provided in relation to transport of goods by rail
• Service provided in relation to transport of coastal cargo; and goods through
inland water including National Waterways
• Advice, consultancy or technical assistance provided in the field of law (this
tax would not be applicable in case the service provider or service receiver is
an individual).
• Cosmetic and plastic surgery service
! Exemption from service tax being provided to inter-State or intra-State transportation
of passengers in a vehicle bearing ‘Contract Carriage Permit’ with specified
conditions.
! Exemption from service tax (leviable under Banking and other financial services
or under Foreign exchange broking service) being provided to inter-bank purchase
and sale of foreign currency between scheduled banks.
! Two taxable services, namely, ‘Transport of goods through road’ and ‘Commission
paid to foreign agents’ to be exempted from the levy of service tax, if the exporter
is liable to pay service tax on reverse charge basis. However, present cap of 10%
on commission agency charges is retained. Thus there would be no need for the
exporter to first pay the tax and later claim refund in respect of these services.
! For other services received by exporters, service tax exemption to be operated
through the existing refund mechanism based on self-certification of the documents
where such refund is below 0.25 per cent of FOB value, and certification of
documents by a Chartered Accountant for value of refund exceeding the above
limit.
! Export Promotion Councils and the Federation of Indian Export Organizations
(FIEO) to be exempt from service tax on the membership and other fees collected
by them till 31st March 2010.
Tax proposals on direct taxes to be revenue neutral. On indirect taxes, estimated net gain
to be Rs.2,000 crore for a full year.
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Government of India
“Democracy is the art and science of mobilizing the
entire physical, economic and spiritual resources of various
sections of the people in the service of the common good of
all.”
Mahatma Gandhi
BUDGET 2009-10
July 6, 2009
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Key Features of Budget 2009-2010
CHALLENGES
! to lead economy to high GDP growth rate of 9 per cent per annum at the earliest
! to deepen and broaden the agenda for inclusive development
! to improve delivery mechanisms of the government.
OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMY
! Growth rate of Gross Domestic Product dipped from an average of over 9 per cent
in the previous three fiscal years to 6.7 per cent during 2008-09.
! Whole sale price index rose to nearly 13 per cent in August, 2008 and had an
equally sharp fall to zero per cent in March, 2009.
! The structure of India’s economy changed over the last ten years with contribution
of the services sector to GDP at well over 50 per cent and share of merchandise
trade doubling to 38.9 per cent of GDP in 2008-09.
! Recognising economic recovery and growth as co-operative effort of the Central
and State Governments, meeting with Finance Ministers of States held as part of
preparation of the Budget. This is intended to become an annual feature.
TOWARDS ECONOMIC REVIVAL
Short-term Measures
! To counter the negative fallout of the global slowdown on the Indian economy,
Government responded by providing three focused fiscal stimulus packages in the
form of tax relief and increased expenditure on public projects along with RBI
taking a number of monetary easing and liquidity enhancing measures.
! Fiscal accommodation led to an increase in fiscal deficit from 2.7 per cent in
2007-08 to 6.2 per cent of GDP in 2008-09.
! The fiscal stimulus at 3.5 per cent of GDP at current market prices for 2008-09
amounts to Rs.1,86,000 crore.
! Measures taken by the Government were effective in arresting the fall in GDP
growth rate in 2008-09. 6.7 per cent growth rate recorded in 2008-09.
Infrastructure Development
! IIFCL to evolve a Takeout financing scheme in consultation with banks to facilitate
incremental lending to infrastructure sector.
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! IIFCL to refinance 60 per cent of commercial bank loans for PPP projects in critical
sectors over the next fifteen to eighteen months. IIFCL and Banks are now in a
position to support projects involving total investment of Rs.1,00,000 crore.
Highway and Railways
! Allocation to National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) for the National
Highway Development Programme (NHDP) increased by 23 per cent over
B.E. 2008-09 in B.E. 2009-10 and allocation for Railways increased from Rs.10,800
crore in Interim B.E. 2009-10 to Rs.15,800 crore in B.E. 2009-10.
Urban Infrastructure
! Allocation under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
stepped up by 87 per cent to Rs.12,887 crore in B.E. 2009-10 over B.E. 2008-09.
Allocation for housing and provision of basic amenities to urban poor enhanced to
Rs.3,973 crore in B.E. 2009-10. This includes provision for Rajiv Awas Yojana
(RAY), a new scheme announced.
Brihan Mumbai Storm Water Drainage Project (BRIMSTOWA)
! Provision for the project BRIMSTOWA initiated in 2007 and funded through Central
Assistance to address the problem of flooding in Mumbai, enhanced from Rs.200
crore in Interim B.E. 2009-10 to Rs.500 crore in B.E. 2009-10 to expedite
completion of the project.
Power
! Allocation under Accelerated Power Development and Reform Programme
(APDRP) increased by 160 per cent to Rs.2,080 crore in B.E. 2009-10 over
B.E. 2008-09.
Gas
! Blueprint to be developed for long distance gas pipelines leading to a National Gas
Grid to facilitate transportation of gas across the length and breadth of the country.
Assam Gas Cracker Project
! Outlay for Assam Gas Cracker Project stepped up suitably in B.E. 2009-10.
AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
! Target for agriculture credit flow set at Rs.3,25,000 crore for the year 2009-10.
In 2008-09 agriculture credit flow was at Rs.2,87,000 crore.
! Interest subvention scheme for short term crop loans up to Rs.3 lakh per farmer at
the interest rate of 7 per cent per annum to be continued. Additional subvention of
1 per cent to be paid from this year, as incentive to those farmers who repay short
term crop loans on schedule. Additional allocation of Rs.411 crore over Interim
B.E. 2009-10 made for this.
Debt Relief for Farmers
! Time given to the farmers having more than two hectares of land to pay 75 per cent
of their overdues under Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme extended from 30th
June, 2009 to 31st December, 2009.
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! Taskforce to be set up to examine the issue of debt taken by a large number of
farmers in some regions of Maharashtra from private money lenders who were not
covered by the loan waiver scheme announced last year.
Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme
! Allocation under Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) increased by
75 per cent over B.E. 2008-09.
! Allocation under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) stepped up by 30 per
cent in B.E. 2009-10 over B.E. 2008-09.
RESTORING EXPORT GROWTH
! Adjustment assistance scheme to provide enhanced Export Credit and Guarantee
Corporation (ECGC) cover at 95 per cent to badly hit sectors extended upto
March 2010.
! Allocation for Market Development Assistance Scheme enhanced to Rs.124 crore
in B.E. 2009-10.
! Interest subvention of 2 per cent on pre-shipment credit for seven employment
oriented export sectors extended beyond the current deadline of September 30,
2009 to March 31, 2010.
! To facilitate flow of credit at reasonable rates, Rs.4,000 crore provided as special
fund out of Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) to Small Industries
Development Bank of India (SIDBI). This will incentivise Banks and State Finance
Corporations (SFCs) to lend to Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) by refinancing
50 per cent of incremental lending to MSEs during the current financial year.
! Stimulus package for print media comprising waiver of 15 per cent agency
commission on DAVP advertisements and 10 per cent increase in DAVP rates to be
paid as a special relief subject to documentary proof of loss of revenue in nongovernmental
advertisements, extended from 30th June, 2009 to 31st December, 2009.
MEDIUM-TERM SUSTAINABILITY
! To bring the fiscal deficit under control, institutional reform measures to be initiated
during the current year itself.
Fertilizer Subsidy
! To ensure balanced application of fertilizers for increasing agricultural productivity,
Government intends to move towards a nutrient based subsidy regime so as to
cover larger basket of fertilizers with innovative fertilizer products available in the
market at reasonable prices.
! It is intended to move to a system of direct transfer of subsidy to the farmers in due
course.
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Petroleum and Diesel pricing Policy
! With almost three quarters of our oil consumption met through imports, it is
important to recognise that domestic prices of petrol and diesel are broadly in sync
with global prices. Government to set up an expert group to advise on a viable and
sustainable system of pricing petroleum products.
Taxation
! SARAL – II forms to be introduced early.
People’s ownership of PSUs
! While retaining at least 51 per cent Government equity in Public Sector
Undertakings, people’s participation in disinvestment programmes to be encouraged.
! Public Sector Enterprises such as banks and insurance companies to remain in
public sector and will be given full support including capital infusion to grow and
remain competitive.
Financial Sector
! The threshold for non-promoter public shareholding for all listed companies to be
raised in a phased manner.
! Scheduled commercial banks allowed to set up off-site ATMs without prior approval
subject to reporting.
! A sub-committee of State Level Bankers Committee (SLBC) to identify and
formulate an action plan for providing banking facilities in under-banked/unbanked
areas in the next three years. Rs.100 crore set aside as one-time grant in-aid to
ensure provision of at least one centre/Point of Sales (POS) for banking services in
each of the unbanked blocks.
! Government has established Competition Commission of India, an autonomous
regulatory body. An Appellate body headed by a retired judge of Supreme Court
also constituted.
TOWARDS INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS)
! Allocation under NREGS increased by 144 per cent to Rs.39,100 crore in
B.E. 2009-10 over B.E. 2008-09.
! To increase productivity of assets and resources under NREGA, convergence with
other schemes relating to agriculture, forests, water resources, land resources, rural
roads initiated. In the first stage 115 pilot districts selected for convergence.
National Food Security Act
! National Food Security Act to be brought in to ensure entitlement of 25 kilo of rice
or wheat per month at Rs.3 per kilo to every family living below the poverty line in
rural or urban areas. Food Security Bill to be put on the website of the Department
of Food and Public Distribution for public debate.
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Bharat Nirman
! Allocation for Bharat Nirman increased by 45 per cent in 2009-10 over
B.E. 2008-09. Allocations under Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
increased by 59 per cent over B.E. 2008-09 to Rs.12,000 crore in B.E. 2009-10.
Under Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY), allocation increased
by 27 per cent to Rs.7,000 crore.
! Allocation under Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) increased by 63 per cent to Rs.8,800
crore in B.E. 2009-10. Allocation of Rs.2,000 crore made for Rural Housing Fund
(RHF) in National Housing Bank (NHB) to boost the resource base of NHB for
refinance operations in rural housing sector.
Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY)
! New scheme Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY) with an allocation
of Rs.100 crore launched on pilot basis for integrated development of 1000 villages
having population of scheduled castes above 50 per cent.
EMPOWERMENT OF WEAKER SECTIONS
! The Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) restructured as National Rural
Livelihood Mission to make it universal in application, focused in approach and
time bound for poverty eradication by 2014-15. In addition to capital subsidy at
enhanced rate, interest subsidy to poor households to be provided for loans upto
Rs.1 lakh from banks.
! There are over 22 lakh Women’s Self Help Groups linked with banks. Reach of
SHGs to be widened to enrol at least 50 per cent of all rural women in India as
members of SHGs over the next five years.
! Corpus of Rashtriya Mahila Kosh to be increased from Rs.100 crore to Rs.500
crore over the next few years.
Female Literacy
! National Mission for Female Literacy to be launched with focus on minorities, SC,
ST and other marginalized groups with the aim to reduce level of female illiteracy
by half in three years.
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
! All ICD Services to be extended to every child under the age of six by
March, 2012.
Student Loans to Weaker Sections
! To enable students from economically weaker sections to access higher education,
a scheme to provide full interest subsidy during the period of moratorium introduced
to cover loans taken from scheduled banks to pursue any of the approved courses
of study in technical and professional streams from recoganised institutions in India.
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Welfare of Minorities
! Plan outlay of Ministry of Minority Affairs enhanced from Rs.1,000 crore in B.E.
2008-09 to Rs.1,740 crore in 2009-10 registering an increase of 74 per cent. This
includes Rs.990 crore for Multi-Sectoral Development Programme for Minorities,
Grants-in-aid to Maulana Azad Education Foundation, National Minorities Development
and Finance Corporation and pre and post matric scholarship for minorities.
! Allocations made for the new schemes of National Fellowship for Students from
minority community and Grants-in-aid to Central Wakf Council for computerization
of records of State Wakf Boards.
! Rs.25 crore each allocated for establishing new campuses at Murshidabad in West
Bengal and Malappuram in Kerala by Aligarh Muslim University.
Welfare of workers in the unorganized sector
! Action initiated to ensure implementation of social security schemes for occupation
like weavers, fishermen and women, toddy tappers, leather and handicraft workers,
plantation labour, construction labour, mine workers, bidi workers and rickshaw
pullers. Necessary financial allocation will be made for these schemes.
Employment Exchanges
! New project for modernization of Employment Exchange in public private
partnership to be launched so that a job seeker can register on line from anywhere
and approach any employment exchange.
Handloom
! One handloom mega cluster each in West Bengal and Tamil Nadu and one
powerloom mega cluster in Rajasthan to be set up. New mega clusters for carpets
to be also set up in Srinagar (J&K) and Mirzapur (UP).
Health
! Allocation under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) increased by Rs.2,057
crore over Interim B.E. 2009-10 of Rs.12,070 crore.
! All BPL families to be covered under Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY).
Allocation under RSBY increased by 40 per cent over previous allocation to Rs.350
crore in B.E. 2009-10.
Environment and climate change
! In furtherance to National Action Plan on Climate Change, eight national missions
representing a multi-pronged long-term and integrated approach to be launched.
! National Ganga River Basin Authority set up. Budgetary allocation under National
River and Lake Conservation Plans increased from Rs.335 crore in B.E. 2008-09
to Rs.562 crore in B.E. 2009-10.
! Special one-time grant of Rs.100 crore given to Indian Council of Forestry Research
and Education, Dehradun.
! Rs.15 crore each to be allocated to Botanical Survey of India and Zoological Survey of
India. An additional amount of Rs.15 crore to be allocated for Geological Survey of India.
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TOWARDS BUILDING ACOUNTABLE INSTITUTIONS
Improving Delivery of Public Services
! Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to set up online data base with
identity and biometric details of Indian residents and provide enrolment and
verification services across country. Provision of Rs.120 crore made for this in the
Budget.
! First set of unique identity number to be rolled out in 12 to 18 months.
National Security
! Additional amount of Rs.430 crore provided over Interim B.E. 2009-10
to modernise police machinery in the States.
! Additional amount of Rs.2,284 crore proposed over Interim B.E. 2009-10 for
construction of fences, roads, flood lights on the international borders.
! Programme for housing to create 1 lakh dwelling units for Central Para-military
Forces personnel to be launched through innovative financing model.
One Rank One Pension for Ex-servicemen (OROP)
! Based on the recommendation of the Committee headed by the Cabinet Secretary
on OROP, government has decided to substantially improve the pension of pre
01.01.2006 defence pensioners below officer rank and bring pre 10.10.1997
pensioners on par with post 10.10.1997 pensioners. The decisions to be implemented
from 01st July, 2009 and will cost more than Rs.2,100 crore annually.
Education
! Provision for the scheme ‘Mission in Education through ICT’ substantially increased
to Rs.900 crore and the provision for setting up and up-gradation of Polytechnics
under the Skill Development Mission enhanced to Rs.495 crore.
! Rs.827 crore allocated for opening one Central University in each uncovered State.
! Rs.2,113 crore allocated for IITs and NITs which includes a provision of Rs.450
crore for new IITs and NITs.
! The overall Plan budget for higher education is to be increased by Rs.2,000 crore
over Interim B.E. 2009-10.
! Rs.50 crore allocated for Punjab University, Chandigarh. Plan allocation for
Chandigarh to be suitably enhanced during the year to provide better infrastructure
to the people of Chandigarh.
Commonwealth Games, 2010
! Outlays to be stepped up from Rs.2,112 crore in Interim Budget to Rs.3,472 crore
in regular Budget 2009-10.
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Srilankan Tamils
! Rs.500 crore allocated for rehabilitation of internally displaced persons and
reconstruction of the northern and eastern areas of Sri Lanka. Ministry of External
Affairs to work closely with the Sri Lankan Government.
Cyclone Aila
! Rs.1,000 crore allocated for programme for rebuilding the damaged infrastructure
caused due to cyclone Aila in West Bengal.
BUDGET ESTIMATE 2009-10
! Budget Estimates provide for a total expenditure of Rs.10,20,838 crore consisting
of Rs.6,95,689 crore under Non-plan and Rs.3,25,149 crore under Plan registering
an increase of 37 per cent in Non-plan expenditure and 34 per cent in Plan
expenditure over B.E. 2008-09.
! Total expenditure in B.E. 2009-10 increased by 36 per cent over B.E. 2008-09.
! Increase in Non-plan expenditure is mainly due to implementation of Sixth Central
Pay Commission recommendations, increased food subsidy and higher interest
payment arising out of larger fiscal deficit in 2008-09.
! Interest payments estimated at Rs.2,25,511 crore constituting about 36 per cent of
Non-plan revenue expenditure in B.E. 2009-10.
! Subsidies up from Rs.71,431 crore in B.E. 2008-09 to Rs.1,11,276 crore in B.E.
2009-10.
! Outlay for Defence up from Rs.1,05,600 crore in B.E. 2008-09 to Rs.1,41,703
crore in B.E. 2009-10.
! Gross Budgetary Support for Annual Plan 2009-10 enhanced by Rs.40,000 crore
over Interim B.E. 2009-10.
! State Governments to be permitted to borrow additional 0.5 per cent of their GSDP
by relaxing the fiscal deficit target under FRBM from 3.5 per cent to 4 per cent of
their GSDP. This will enable the States to borrow Rs.21,000 crore additionally
over Interim B.E. 2009-10.
! Gross tax receipts budgeted at Rs.6,41,079 crore in B.E. 2009-10 compared to
Rs.6,87,715 crore in B.E. 2008-09.
! Non-tax revenue receipts estimated at Rs.1,40,279 crore in B.E. 2009-10 compared
to Rs.95,785 crore in B.E. 2008-09.
! Revenue deficit projected at 4.8 per cent of GDP in B.E. 2009-10 compared to 1
per cent in B.E. 2008-09 and 4.6 per cent as per provisional accounts of 2008-09.
! Fiscal deficit as a percentage of GDP is projected at 6.8 per cent compared to 2.5
per cent in B.E. 2008-09 and 6.2 per cent as per provisional accounts 2008-09.
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TAX PROPOSALS
! Tax reform, like all reforms, is a process and not an event. Thrust of reforms has
been to improve the efficiency and equity of our tax system. This is sought to be
achieved by eliminating distortions in the tax structure, introducing moderate levels
of taxation and expanding the base and accompanied by requisite re-engineering
of key business processes coupled with automation.
! Recent initiative, on direct taxes side, of the setting up of a Centralized Processing
Centre (CPC) at Bengaluru where all electronically filed returns, and paper returns
filed in entire Karnataka, will be processed.
! Centre’s Tax-GDP ratio has increased to 11.5 per cent in 2008-09 from a low of 9.2
per cent in 2003-04. Share of direct taxes in the Centre’s tax revenues has increased
to 56 percent in 2008-09 from 41 percent in 2003-04, reflecting sharp improvement
in equity of our tax system.
! Structural changes in direct taxes to be pursued by releasing the new Direct Taxes
Code within the next 45 days and in indirect taxes by accelerating the process for
the smooth introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) with effect from 1st
April, 2010.
! The Direct Taxes Code, along with a Discussion Paper, to be released to the public
for debate. The Direct Taxes Code Bill will be finalised for introduction in Lok
Sabha sometime during the Winter Session based on the inputs received.
! The Authorities for Advance Rulings on Direct and Indirect Taxes to be merged by
amending the relevant Acts.
! Agreement has been reached on the basic structure of GST in keeping with the
principles of fiscal federalism enshrined in the Constitution. Broad contour of the
GST Model envisages dual GST comprising of a Central GST and a State GST.
The Centre and the States will each legislate, levy and administer the Central GST
and State GST, respectively.
Direct Taxes
! No changes made in the Corporate Tax rates.
! Exemption limit in personal income tax raised by Rs.15,000 from Rs.2.25 lakh to
Rs.2.40 lakh for senior citizens; by Rs.10,000 from Rs.1.80 lakh to Rs.1.90 lakh
for women tax payers; and by Rs.10,000 from Rs.1.50 lakh to Rs.1.60 lakh for all
other categories of individual taxpayers.
! Deduction under section 80-DD in respect of maintenance, including medical
treatment, of a dependent who is a person with severe disability being raised from
the present limit of Rs.75,000 to Rs.1 lakh.
! Surcharge on various direct taxes to be phased out; in the first instance, by
eliminating the surcharge of 10 percent on personal income-tax.
! Sun-set clauses for deduction in respect of export profits under sections 10A and
10B of the Income-tax Act being extended by one more year i.e. for the financial
year 2010-11.
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! Fringe Benefit Tax on the value of certain fringe benefits provided by employers to
their employees to be abolished.
! Scope of provisions relating to weighted deduction of 150% on expenditure incurred
on in-house R&D to all manufacturing businesses being extended except for a
small negative list.
! Businesses to be incentivised by providing investment linked tax exemptions
rather than profit linked exemptions. Investment linked tax incentives to be
provided, to begin with, to the businesses of setting up and operating ‘cold chain’,
warehousing facilities for storing agricultural produce and the business of laying
and operating cross country natural gas or crude or petroleum oil pipeline network
for distribution on common carrier principle. Under this method, all capital
expenditure, other than expenditure on land, goodwill and financial instruments
to be fully allowable as deduction.
! Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) to be increased to 15 per cent of book profits from
10 per cent. The period allowed to carry forward the tax credit under MAT to be
extended from seven years to ten years.
! New Pension System (NPS) to continue to be subjected to the Exempt-Exempt-
Taxed (EET) method of tax treatment of savings. Income of the NPS Trust to be
exempted from income tax and any dividend paid to this Trust from Dividend
Distribution Tax. All purchase and sale of equity shares and derivatives by the
NPS Trust also to be exempt from the Securities Transaction Tax. Self employed
persons to be enabled to participate in the NPS and to avail of the tax benefits
available thereto.
! Alternative dispute resolution mechanism to be created within the Income Tax
Department for the resolution of transfer pricing disputes. Central Board of Direct
Taxes (CBDT) to be empowered to formulate ‘safe harbour’ rules to reduce the
impact of judgemental errors in determining transfer price in international
transactions.
! Commodity Transaction Tax (CTT) to be abolished.
! Donations to electoral trusts to be allowed as a 100 percent deduction in the
computation of the income of the donor.
! Deduction under section 80E of the Income-tax Act allowed in respect of interest
on loans taken for pursuing higher education in specified fields of study to be
extended to cover all fields of study, including vocational studies, pursued after
completion of schooling.
! To mitigate the practical difficulties faced by charitable organisations, anonymous
donations received by charitable organisations to the extent of 5 percent of their
total income or a sum of Rs.1 lakh, whichever is higher, not to be taxed.
! Scope of presumptive taxation to be extended to all small businesses with a turnover
upto Rs. 40 lakh. All such taxpayers to have option to declare their income from
business at the rate of 8 percent of their turnover and simultaneously enjoy exemption
from the compliance burden of maintaining books of accounts. As a procedural
simplification, they are also to be exempted from advance tax and allowed to pay
their entire tax liability from business at the time of filing their return. This new
scheme to come into effect from the financial year 2010-11.
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! Tax holiday under section 80-IB(9) of the Income Tax Act, which was hitherto
available in respect of profits arising from the commercial production or refining
of mineral oil, to be extended to natural gas. This tax benefit to be available to
undertakings in respect of profits derived from the commercial production of mineral
oil and natural gas from oil and gas blocks which are awarded under the
NELP-VIII round of bidding. The section to be retrospectively amended to provide
that “undertaking” for the purposes of section 80-IB(9) will mean all blocks awarded
in any single contract.
Indirect Taxes
! Proposals on indirect taxes to seek to achieve stable framework by maintaining the
overall rate structure for customs and central excise duties as well as service tax.
Customs duties
! Customs duty of 5% to be imposed on Set Top Box for television broadcasting.
! Customs duty on LCD Panels for manufacture of LCD televisions to be reduced
from 10% to 5%.
! Full exemption from 4% special CVD on parts for manufacture of mobile phones
and accessories to be reintroduced for one year.
! List of specified raw materials/inputs imported by manufacturer-exporters of sports
goods which are exempt from customs duty, subject to specified conditions, to be
expanded by including five additional items.
! List of specified raw materials and equipment imported by manufacturer-exporters
of leather goods, textile products and footwear industry which are fully exempt
from customs duty, subject to specified conditions, to be expanded.
! Customs duty on unworked corals to be reduced from 5% to Nil.
! Customs duty on 10 specified life saving drugs/vaccine and their bulk drugs to be
reduced from 10% to 5% with Nil CVD (by way of excise duty exemption).
! Customs duty on specified heart devices, namely artificial heart and PDA/ASD
occlusion device, to be reduced from 7.5% to 5% with Nil CVD (by way of excise
duty exemption).
! Customs duty on permanent magnets for PM synchronous generator above 500
KW used in wind operated electricity generators to be reduced from 7.5% to 5%.
! Customs duty on bio-diesel to be reduced from 7.5% to 2.5%.
! Concessional customs duty of 5% on specified machinery for tea, coffee and rubber
plantations to be reintroduced for one year, upto 06.07.2010.
! Customs duty on ‘mechanical harvester’ for coffee plantation to be reduced from
7.5% to 5%. CVD on such harvesters has also been reduced from 8% to nil, by
way of excise duty exemption.
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! Customs duty on serially numbered gold bars (other than tola bars) and gold coins
to be increased from Rs.100 per 10 gram to Rs.200 per 10 gram. Customs duty on
other forms of gold to be increased from Rs.250 per 10 gram to Rs.500 per 10
gram. Customs duty on silver to be increased from Rs.500 per Kg. to Rs.1000 per
Kg. These increases also to be applicable when gold and silver (including ornaments)
are imported as personal baggage.
! Customs duty on cotton waste to be reduced from 15% to 10%.
! Customs duty on wool waste to be reduced from 15% to 10%.
! Customs duty on rock phosphate to be reduced from 5% to 2%.
! CVD exemption on Aerial Passenger Ropeway Projects to be withdrawn. Such
projects will now attract applicable CVD.
! Customs duty exemption on concrete batching plants of capacity 50 cum per hour
or more to be withdrawn. Such plants will now attract customs duty of 7.5%.
! On packaged or canned software, CVD exemption to be provided on the portion of
the value which represents the consideration for transfer of the right to use such
software, subject to specified conditions.
! Customs duty on inflatable rafts, snow-skis, water skis, surf-boats, sail-boards and
other water sports equipment to be fully exempted.
Central excise duties
! Excise duty rate on items currently attracting 4% to be raised to 8% with following
major exceptions:
• Specified food items including biscuits, sharbats, cakes and pastries
• Drugs and pharmaceutical products falling under Chapter 30
• Medical equipment
• Certain varieties of paper, paperboard and articles thereof
• Paraxylene
• Power driven pumps for handling water
• Footwear of RSP exceeding Rs.250 but not exceeding Rs.750 per pair
• Pressure cookers
• Vacuum and gas filled bulbs of RSP not exceeding Rs.20 per bulb
• Compact Fluorescent Lamps
• Cars for physically handicapped
! Specific component of excise duty applicable to large cars/utility vehicles of engine
capacity 2000 cc and above to be reduced from Rs. 20,000/- per vehicle to Rs.15,000
per vehicle.
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! Excise duty on petrol driven trucks/lorries to be reduced from 20% to 8%. Excise
duty on chassis of such trucks/lorries to be reduced from ‘20% + Rs.10000’ to
‘8% + Rs.10000’.
! Excise duty on Special Boiling Point spirits to be reduced to 14%.
! Excise duty on naphtha to be reduced to 14%.
! Duty paid High Speed Diesel blended with upto 20% bio-diesel to be fully exempted
from excise duties.
! The ad valorem component of excise duty of 6% on petrol intended for sale with a
brand name to be converted into a specific rate. Consequently, such petrol would
now attract total excise duty of Rs.14.50 per litre instead of ‘6% + Rs.13 per litre’.
! The ad valorem component of excise duty of 6% on diesel intended for sale with a
brand name to be converted into a specific rate. Consequently, such diesel would
now attract total excise duty of Rs.4.75 per litre instead of ‘6% + Rs.3.25 per litre’.
! Excise duty on manmade fibre and yarn to be increased from 4% to 8%.
! Excise duty on PTA and DMT to be increased from 4% to 8%.
! Excise duty on polyester chips to be increased from 4% to 8%.
! Excise duty on acrylonitrile to be increased from 4% to 8%.
! The scheme of optional excise duty of 4% for pure cotton to be restored.
! Excise duty for man-made and natural fibres other than pure cotton, beyond the
fibre and yarn stage, to be increased from 4% to 8% under the existing optional
scheme.
! An optional excise duty exemption to be provided to tops of manmade fibre
manufactured from duty paid tow at par with tops manufactured from duty paid
staple fibre.
! Suitable adjustments to be made in the rates of duty applicable to DTA clearances
of textile goods made by Export Oriented Units using indigenous raw materials/
inputs for manufacture of such goods.
! Full exemption from excise duty to be provided on goods of Chapter 68 of Central
Excise Tariff manufactured at the site of construction for use in construction work
at such site.
! Excise duty exemption on ‘recorded smart cards’ and ‘recorded proximity cards
and tags’ to be made optional. Manufacturers have the option to pay the applicable
excise duty and avail the credit of duty paid on inputs.
! EVA compound manufactured on job work for further use in manufacture of
footwear to be exempted from excise duty.
! Benefit of SSI exemption scheme to be extended to printed laminated rolls bearing
the brand name of others by excluding this item from the purview of the brand
name restriction.
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! On packaged or canned software, excise duty exemption to be provided on the
portion of the value which represents the consideration for transfer of the right to
use such software, subject to specified conditions.
! Excise duty on branded articles of jewellery to be reduced from 2% to Nil.
Service tax
! Service Tax to be imposed on the following services:
• Service provided in relation to transport of goods by rail
• Service provided in relation to transport of coastal cargo; and goods through
inland water including National Waterways
• Advice, consultancy or technical assistance provided in the field of law (this
tax would not be applicable in case the service provider or service receiver is
an individual).
• Cosmetic and plastic surgery service
! Exemption from service tax being provided to inter-State or intra-State transportation
of passengers in a vehicle bearing ‘Contract Carriage Permit’ with specified
conditions.
! Exemption from service tax (leviable under Banking and other financial services
or under Foreign exchange broking service) being provided to inter-bank purchase
and sale of foreign currency between scheduled banks.
! Two taxable services, namely, ‘Transport of goods through road’ and ‘Commission
paid to foreign agents’ to be exempted from the levy of service tax, if the exporter
is liable to pay service tax on reverse charge basis. However, present cap of 10%
on commission agency charges is retained. Thus there would be no need for the
exporter to first pay the tax and later claim refund in respect of these services.
! For other services received by exporters, service tax exemption to be operated
through the existing refund mechanism based on self-certification of the documents
where such refund is below 0.25 per cent of FOB value, and certification of
documents by a Chartered Accountant for value of refund exceeding the above
limit.
! Export Promotion Councils and the Federation of Indian Export Organizations
(FIEO) to be exempt from service tax on the membership and other fees collected
by them till 31st March 2010.
Tax proposals on direct taxes to be revenue neutral. On indirect taxes, estimated net gain
to be Rs.2,000 crore for a full year.
Saturday, July 18, 2009
Thursday, July 9, 2009
(Paper) Oracle Interview?Questions And Answers Set - 6
Posted January 21st, 2008 by admin
Oracle Interview
Questions And Answers Set - 6
What is an User Exits ?
A user exit is a subroutine which are written in programming languages using pro*C pro *Cobol , etc., that link into the SQL * forms executable.
What is a Trigger ?
A piece of logic that is executed at or triggered by a SQL *forms event.
What is a Package Procedure ?
A Package procedure is built in PL/SQL procedure.
What is the maximum size of a form ?
255 character width and 255 characters Length.
What is the difference between system.current_field and system.cursor_field ?
1. System.current_field gives name of the field.
2. System.cursor_field gives name of the field with block name.
List the system variables related in Block and Field?
1. System.block_status
2. System.current_block
3. System.current_field
4. System.current_value
5. System.cursor_block
6. System.cursor_field
7. System.field_status.
What are the different types of Package Procedure ?
1. Restricted package procedure.
2. Unrestricted package procedure.
What are the types of TRIGGERS ?
1. Navigational Triggers.
2. Transaction Triggers.
Identify package function from the following ?
1. Error-Code
2. Break
3. Call
4. Error-text
5. Form-failure
6. Form-fatal
7. Execute-query
8. Anchor View
9. Message_code?
1. Error_Code
2. Error_Text
3. Form_Failure
4. Form_Fatal
5. Message_Code
Can you attach an lov to a field at run-time? if yes, give the build-in name.?
Yes. Set_item_proprety
Is it possible to attach same library to more than one form?
Yes
Can you attach an lov to a field at design time?
Yes
List the windows event triggers available in Forms 4.0?
When-window-activated,
when-window-closed,
when-window-deactivated,
when-window-resized
What are the triggers associated with the image item?
When-Image-activated(Fires when the operator double clicks on an image Items)
When-image-pressed(fires when the operator selects or deselects the image item)
What is a visual attribute?
Visual Attributes are the font, color and pattern characteristics of objects that operators see and intract with in our application.
How many maximum number of radio buttons can you assign to a radio group?
Unlimited no of radio buttons can be assigned to a radio group
What is an Lov?
A list of values is a single or multi column selection list displayed in a pop-up window
What is a record Group?
A record group is an internal oracle forms data structure that has a similar column/row frame work to a database table
Give built-in routine related to a record groups?
Create_group (Function)
Create_group_from_query(Function)
Delete_group(Procedure)
Add_group_column(Function)
Add_group_row(Procedure)
Delete_group_row(Procedure)
Populate_group(Function)
Populate_group_with_query(Function)
Set_group_Char_cell(procedure)
List the built-in routines for the controlling canvas views during run-time?
Find_canvas
Get-Canvas_property
Get_view_property
Hide_View
Replace_content_view
Scroll_view
Set_canvas_property
Set_view_property
Show_view
Alert
System.effective_date system variable is read only True/False?
False
What are the built_in used to trapping errors in forms 4?
Error_type return character
Error_code return number
Error_text return char
Dbms_error_code return no.
Dbms_error_text return char
What is Oracle Financials? (for DBA)
Oracle Financials products provide organizations with solutions to a wide range of long- and short-term accounting system issues. Regardless of the size of the business, Oracle Financials can meet accounting management demands with:
Oracle Assets: Ensures that an organization's property and equipment investment is accurate and that the correct asset tax accounting strategies are chosen.
Oracle General Ledger: Offers a complete solution to journal entry, budgeting, allocations, consolidation, and financial reporting needs.
Oracle Inventory: Helps an organization make better inventory decisions by minimizing stock and maximizing cash flow.
Oracle Order Entry: Provides organizations with a sophisticated order entry system for managing customer commitments.
Oracle Payables: Lets an organization process more invoices with fewer staff members and tighter controls. Helps save money through maximum discounts, bank float, and prevention of duplicate payment.
Oracle Personnel: Improves the management of employee- related issues by retaining and making available every form of personnel data.
Oracle Purchasing: Improves buying power, helps negotiate bigger discounts, eliminates paper flow, increases financial controls, and increases productivity.
Oracle Receivables:. Improves cash flow by letting an organization process more payments faster, without off-line research. Helps correctly account for cash, reduce outstanding receivables, and improve collection effectiveness.
Oracle Revenue Accounting Gives an organization timely and accurate revenue and flexible commissions reporting.
Oracle Sales Analysis: Allows for better forecasting, planning. and reporting of sales information.
What are the design facilities available in forms 4.0?
Default Block facility.
Layout Editor.
Menu Editor.
Object Lists.
Property Sheets.
PL/SQL Editor.
Tables Columns Browser.
Built-ins Browser.
What is the most important module in Oracle Financials? (for DBA)
The General Ledger (GL) module is the basis for all other Oracle Financial modules. All other modules provide information to it. If you implement Oracle Financials, you should switch your current GL system first.GL is relatively easy to implement. You should go live with it first to give your implementation team a chance to be familiar with Oracle Financials.
What are the types of canvas-views?
Content View, Stacked View.
What is the MultiOrg and what is it used for? (for DBA)
MultiOrg or Multiple Organizations Architecture allows multiple operating units and their relationships to be defined within a single installation of Oracle Applications. This keeps each operating unit's transaction data separate and secure.
Use the following query to determine if MuliOrg is intalled:
select multi_org_flag from fnd_product_groups;
What is the difference between Fields and FlexFields? (for DBA)
A field is a position on a form that one uses to enter, view, update, or delete information. A field prompt describes each field by telling what kind of information appears in the field, or alternatively, what kind of information should be entered in the field.
A flexfield is an Oracle Applications field made up of segments. Each segment has an assigned name and a set of valid values. Oracle Applications uses flexfields to capture information about your organization. There are two types of flexfields: key flexfields and descriptive flexfields.
Explain types of Block in forms4.0?
Base table Blocks.
Control Blocks.
1. A base table block is one that is associated with a specific database table or view.
2. A control block is a block that is not associated with a database table. ITEMS
What is an Alert?
An alert is a modal window that displays a message notifies the operator of some application condition
What are the built-in routines is available in forms 4.0 to create and manipulate a parameter list?
Add_parameter
Create_Parameter_list
Delete_parameter
Destroy_parameter_list
Get_parameter_attr
Get_parameter_list
set_parameter_attr
What is a record Group?
A record group is an internal oracle forms data structure that has a similar column/row frame work to a database table
What is a Navigable item?
A navigable item is one that operators can navigate to with the keyboard during default navigation, or that Oracle forms can navigate to by executing a navigational built-in procedure.
What is a library in Forms 4.0?
A library is a collection of Pl/SQL program units, including user named procedures, functions & packages
How image_items can be populate to field in forms 4.0?
A fetch from a long raw database column PL/Sql assignment to executing the read_image_file built_in procedure to get an image from the file system.
What is the content view and stacked view?
A content view is the "Base" view that occupies the entire content pane of the window in which it is displayed. A stacked view differs from a content canvas view in that it is not the base view for the window to which it is assigned
What is a Check Box?
A Check Box is a two state control that indicates whether a certain condition or value is on or off, true or false. The display state of a check box is always either "checked" or "unchecked".
What is a canvas-view?
A canvas-view is the background object on which you layout the interface items (text-items, check boxes, radio groups, and so on.) and boilerplate objects that operators see and interact with as they run your form. At run-time, operators can see only those items that have been assigned to a specific canvas. Each canvas, in term, must be displayed in a specific window.
Explain the following file extension related to library?
.pll,.lib,.pld
The library pll files is a portable design file comparable to an fmb form file
The library lib file is a plat form specific, generated library file comparable to a fmx form file
The pld file is Txt format file and can be used for source controlling your library files Parameter
Explain the usage of WHERE CURRENT OF clause in cursors ?
WHERE CURRENT OF clause in an UPDATE,DELETE statement refers to the latest row fetched from a cursor. Database Triggers
Name the tables where characteristics of Package, procedure and functions are stored ?
User_objects, User_Source and User_error.
Explain the two type of Cursors ?
There are two types of cursors, Implicit Cursor and Explicit Cursor. PL/SQL uses Implicit Cursors for queries. User defined cursors are called Explicit Cursors. They can be declared and used.
What are two parts of package ?
The two parts of package are PACKAGE SPECIFICATION & PACKAGE BODY. Package Specification contains declarations that are global to the packages and local to the schema. Package Body contains actual procedures and local declaration of the procedures and cursor declarations.
What are two virtual tables available during database trigger execution ?
The table columns are referred as OLD.column_name and NEW.column_name.
For triggers related to INSERT only NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to UPDATE only OLD.column_name NEW.column_name values only available.
For triggers related to DELETE only OLD.column_name values only available.
What is Fine Grained Auditing? (for DBA)
Fine Grained Auditing (DBMS_FGA) allows auditing records to be generated when certain rows are selected from a table. A list of defined policies can be obtained from DBA_AUDIT_POLICIES. Audit records are stored in DBA_FGA_AUDIT_TRAIL. Look at this example:
o Add policy on table with autiting condition...
execute dbms_fga.add_policy('HR', 'EMP', 'policy1', 'deptno > 10');
o Must ANALYZE, this feature works with CBO (Cost Based Optimizer)
analyze table EMP compute statistics;
select * from EMP where c1 = 11; -- Will trigger auditing
select * from EMP where c1 = 09; -- No auditing
o Now we can see the statments that triggered the auditing condition...
select sqltext from sys.fga_log$;
delete from sys.fga_log$;
What is a package ? What are the advantages of packages ? What is Pragma EXECPTION_INIT ? Explain the usage ?
The PRAGMA EXECPTION_INIT tells the complier to associate an exception with an oracle error. To get an error message of a specific oracle error. e.g. PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (exception name, oracle error number)
What is a Virtual Private Database? (for DBA)
Oracle 8i introduced the notion of a Virtual Private Database (VPD). A VPD offers Fine-Grained Access Control (FGAC) for secure separation of data. This ensures that users only have access to data that pertains to them. Using this option, one could even store multiple companies' data within the same schema, without them knowing about it. VPD configuration is done via the DBMS_RLS (Row Level Security) package. Select from SYS.V$VPD_POLICY to see existing VPD configuration.
What is Raise_application_error ?
Raise_application_error is a procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD which allows to issue an user_defined error messages from stored sub-program or database trigger.
What is Oracle Label Security? (for DBA)
Oracle Label Security (formerly called Trusted Oracle MLS RDBMS) uses the VPD (Virtual Private Database) feature of Oracle8i to implement row level security. Access to rows are restricted according to a user's security sensitivity tag or label. Oracle Label Security is configured, controlled and managed from the Policy Manager, an Enterprise Manager-based GUI utility.
Give the structure of the procedure ?
PROCEDURE name (parameter list.....)
is
local variable declarations
BEGIN
Executable statements.
Exception.
exception handlers
end;
What is OEM (Oracle Enterprise Manager)? (for DBA)
OEM is a set of systems management tools provided by Oracle Corporation for managing the Oracle environment. It provides tools to monitor the Oracle environment and automate tasks (both one-time and repetitive in nature) to take database administration a step closer to "Lights Out" management.
Question What is PL/SQL ?
PL/SQL is a procedural language that has both interactive SQL and procedural programming language constructs such as iteration, conditional branching.
What are the components of OEM? (for DBA)
Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) has the following components:
. Management Server (OMS): Middle tier server that handles communication with the intelligent agents. The OEM Console connects to the management server to monitor and configure the Oracle enterprise.
. Console: This is a graphical interface from where one can schedule jobs, events, and monitor the database. The console can be opened from a Windows workstation, Unix XTerm (oemapp command) or Web browser session (oem_webstage).
. Intelligent Agent (OIA): The OIA runs on the target database and takes care of the execution of jobs and events scheduled through the Console.
What happens if a procedure that updates a column of table X is called in a database trigger of the same table ?
Mutation of table occurs.
Is it possible to use Transaction control Statements such a ROLLBACK or COMMIT in Database Trigger ? Why ?
It is not possible. As triggers are defined for each table, if you use COMMIT of ROLLBACK in a trigger, it affects logical transaction processing.
How many types of database triggers can be specified on a table ? What are they ?
Insert Update Delete
Before Row o.k. o.k. o.k.
After Row o.k. o.k. o.k.
Before Statement o.k. o.k. o.k.
After Statement o.k. o.k. o.k.
If FOR EACH ROW clause is specified, then the trigger for each Row affected by the statement.
If WHEN clause is specified, the trigger fires according to the returned Boolean value.
What are the modes of parameters that can be passed to a procedure ?
IN,OUT,IN-OUT parameters.
Where the Pre_defined_exceptions are stored ?
In the standard package.
Procedures, Functions & Packages ;
Write the order of precedence for validation of a column in a table ?
I. done using Database triggers.
ii. done using Integarity Constraints.?
I & ii.
Give the structure of the function ?
FUNCTION name (argument list .....) Return datatype is
local variable declarations
Begin
executable statements
Exception
execution handlers
End;
Explain how procedures and functions are called in a PL/SQL block ?
Function is called as part of an expression.
sal := calculate_sal ('a822');
procedure is called as a PL/SQL statement
calculate_bonus ('A822');
What are advantages fo Stored Procedures?
Extensibility,Modularity, Reusability, Maintainability and one time compilation.
What is an Exception ? What are types of Exception ?
Exception is the error handling part of PL/SQL block. The types are Predefined and user defined. Some of Predefined exceptions are.
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
NO_DATA_FOUND
TOO_MANY_ROWS
INVALID_CURSOR
INVALID_NUMBER
LOGON_DENIED
NOT_LOGGED_ON
PROGRAM-ERROR
STORAGE_ERROR
TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
VALUE_ERROR
ZERO_DIVIDE
OTHERS.
What are the PL/SQL Statements used in cursor processing ?
DECLARE CURSOR name, OPEN cursor name, FETCH cursor name INTO or Record types, CLOSE cursor name.
What are the components of a PL/SQL Block ?
Declarative part, Executable part and Exception part.
Datatypes PL/SQL
What is a database trigger ? Name some usages of database trigger ?
Database trigger is stored PL/SQL program unit associated with a specific database table. Usages are Audit data modifications, Log events transparently, Enforce complex business rules Derive column values automatically, Implement complex security authorizations. Maintain replicate tables.
What is a cursor ? Why Cursor is required ?
Cursor is a named private SQL area from where information can be accessed. Cursors are required to process rows individually for queries returning multiple rows.
What is a cursor for loop ?
Cursor for loop implicitly declares %ROWTYPE as loop index, opens a cursor, fetches rows of values from active set into fields in the record and closes when all the records have been processed.
e.g.. FOR emp_rec IN C1 LOOP
salary_total := salary_total +emp_rec sal;
END LOOP;
What will happen after commit statement ?
Cursor C1 is
Select empno,
ename from emp;
Begin
open C1; loop
Fetch C1 into
eno.ename;
Exit When
C1 %notfound;-----
commit;
end loop;
end;
The cursor having query as SELECT .... FOR UPDATE gets closed after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
The cursor having query as SELECT.... does not get closed even after COMMIT/ROLLBACK.
How packaged procedures and functions are called from the following?
a. Stored procedure or anonymous block
b. an application program such a PRC *C, PRO* COBOL
c. SQL *PLUS??
a. PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters);
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
EXEC SQL EXECUTE
b.BEGIN
PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE NAME (parameters)
variable := PACKAGE NAME.FUNCTION NAME (arguments);
END;
END EXEC;
c. EXECUTE PACKAGE NAME.PROCEDURE if the procedures does not have any out/in-out parameters. A function can not be called.
What is a stored procedure ?
A stored procedure is a sequence of statements that perform specific function.
What are the components of a PL/SQL block ?
A set of related declarations and procedural statements is called block.
What is difference between a PROCEDURE & FUNCTION ?
A FUNCTION is always returns a value using the return statement.
A PROCEDURE may return one or more values through parameters or may not return at all.
What is difference between a Cursor declared in a procedure and Cursor declared in a package specification ?
A cursor declared in a package specification is global and can be accessed by other procedures or procedures in a package.
A cursor declared in a procedure is local to the procedure that can not be accessed by other procedures.
What are the cursor attributes used in PL/SQL ?
%ISOPEN - to check whether cursor is open or not
% ROWCOUNT - number of rows fetched/updated/deleted.
% FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if rows are fetched.
% NOT FOUND - to check whether cursor has fetched any row. True if no rows are featched.
These attributes are proceeded with SQL for Implicit Cursors and with Cursor name for Explicit Cursors.
What are % TYPE and % ROWTYPE ? What are the advantages of using these over datatypes?
% TYPE provides the data type of a variable or a database column to that variable.
% ROWTYPE provides the record type that represents a entire row of a table or view or columns selected in the cursor.
The advantages are :
I. Need not know about variable's data type
ii. If the database definition of a column in a table changes, the data type of a variable changes accordingly.
What is difference between % ROWTYPE and TYPE RECORD ?
% ROWTYPE is to be used whenever query returns a entire row of a table or view.
TYPE rec RECORD is to be used whenever query returns columns of different table or views and variables.
E.g. TYPE r_emp is RECORD (eno emp.empno% type,ename emp ename %type );
e_rec emp% ROWTYPE
cursor c1 is select empno,deptno from emp;
e_rec c1 %ROWTYPE.
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